ArticleBMC veterinary research2021
The vaginal microflora changes in various stages of the estrous cycle of healthy female dogs and the ones with genital tract infections.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Vaginal Bacteria and Antimicrobial Treatment on Pregnancy Outcomes in Healthy Breeding Bitches.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Characterization and comparative analysis of urinary bacterial microbiome profiling in healthy cats and cats with feline idiopathic cystitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Practices and perceptions of antibiotic use in canine breeding: a survey among breeders and veterinarians.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The effect of the oral administration of lactic-acid probiotic bacteria on the vaginal microflora of bitches.Journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- Toward standardized methods in canine vaginal microbiome research: evaluation of storage, host DNA depletion, and database selection.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Composition of the fecal, vaginal and colostrum microbiotas of dams at parturition and their relationship with neonatal outcomes in dogs.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- "My Bitch Is Empty!" An Overview of the Reasons for Pregnancy Loss in Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Fundamentals of microbiome-based therapies for reproductive tract inflammatory diseases in domestic animals.Animal reproduction · 2025Review
- Article
- German veterinarians asked: a cross-sectional study on microbiological examination and antimicrobial use in canine reproductive medicine.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- How Restrictive Legislation Influences Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Selected Bacterial Isolates from the Canine Vagina.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The prevalence ofJournal of veterinary research · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the vaginal and urinary microbiota of healthy cycling bitches.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Aerobic Vaginal Microflora in Gestational and Non-Gestational Bitches (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Alternations in the human skin, gut and vaginal microbiomes in perimenopausal or postmenopausal Vulvar lichen sclerosus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Canine Vaginal Flora: A Large-Cohort Retrospective Study.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- The microbiota: a key regulator of health, productivity, and reproductive success in mammals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Vaginal microbial dynamics and pathogen colonization in a humanized microbiota mouse model.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammatory diseases of reproductive tract in bitches are a common problem in veterinary practice. The inflammation can lead to serious health problems. Research to determine the correlation between the health status of females, phase of the cycle, age and bacterial flora of the genital tract has been ongoing for years, but the results obtained by individual authors are often contradictory.
resultsA total of 39 dogs were included in this study. Ten were qualified to the 1st group with genital tract infections (8 in anestrus and 2 in proestrus) and 29 to the 2nd group without such infections (16 in anestrus, 9 in proestrus and 4 in diestrus). The most common bacterial isolates obtained from the vaginal tract of all dogs were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Streptococcus canis. The prevalence of Gram-negative rods (other than E. coli) was significantly higher in the group with genital tract infections versus healthy dogs. There was no presence of Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydia abortus and lactic acid-producing bacteria in tested swabs.
conclusionsOur study identified the most common bacteria in the genital tract of bitches. The total number of bacteria was almost the same in the healthy and infected dogs, as well as between the cycle stages. In our opinion, bacterial culturing of vaginal swab specimens from bitches without signs of genital disease is of little value. Furthermore, it should always be preceded by clinical examination and cytological examination of the vaginal epithelium.
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