Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33407385›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2021

Molar incisor hypomineralization, prevalence, pattern and distribution in Sudanese children.

Hanna E Abdalla, Amal H Abuaffan, Arthur Musakulu Kemoli

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in children in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
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  7. Prevalence, defect characteristics and risk factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation in Mexican schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Hanna E AbdallaDepartment of Orthodontic, Paedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan. hanoya8@hotmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-2498-4502
Amal H AbuaffanDepartment of Orthodontic, Paedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
Arthur Musakulu KemoliDepartment of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontocs, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 34848, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
University of Khartoum · SDUniversity of Nairobi · KE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMolar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.

methodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. Following the collection of their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH-index teeth, the pattern and distribution of the MIH. The data collected was analyzed to obtain descriptive statistics. The results related to the socio-demography and other dental-related factors were tested using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at p < 0.05.

resultsThe prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. The majority of the participants had both permanent first molars (PFMs) and permanent incisors affected (12.5%). However, in 7.6% of the cases only molars were affected. Even though more maxillary teeth were affected when compared to the mandibular teeth, there was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (p = 0.22). Maxillary incisors were significantly more affected by MIH when related to the mandibular ones (p = 0.00). Demarcated opacities were the commonest pattern of MIH defects (69.9%) in the experimental group.

conclusionThe prevalence of MIH in Sudanese children was 20.1%. In both dental arches, the permanent molars and incisors were frequently affected, with the demarcated opacity type of MIH being the most common form of defect.

Indexed as

Dental Enamel HypoplasiaQuality of LifeChildCross-Sectional StudiesHumansPrevalenceSudanDistributionMIHPatternPrevalenceSudanese children

Identifiers

PMID33407385
PMCPMC7789559
OpenAlexW3118296180

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.