ArticleBMC ophthalmology2021
Longitudinal association between myopia and parental myopia and outdoor time among students in Wenzhou: a 2.5-year longitudinal cohort study.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure-response association between outdoor activity time and myopia risk in Chinese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Global risk factor analysis of myopia onset in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Identifying and Managing Pre-Myopia: A Narrative Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Influence of dynamic changes of ocular biometric parameters on new-onset myopia in Chinese children: a 4-year cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of various types of outdoor activities for school-aged children myopia in Fengyang County, Chuzhou City: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Interpretation of expert consensus on the application of low-concentration atropine eye drops in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.Pediatric investigation · 2025Article
- [Mediating effect of sleep duration between depression symptoms and myopia in middle school students].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Article
- Factors protecting against progression of myopia in school students exposed to societal change in Vietnam: a 3-year cohort study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Myopia and daylight-A combination of factors.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of red and blue monochromatic light on the visual system and dopamine pathways in juvenile zebrafish.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Association between weekend catch-up outdoor duration and prevalence of myopia: evidence from a cross-sectional, multi-center study in China.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Daylight and Electric Lighting in Primary and Secondary School Classrooms in the UK-An Observational Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Observational
- A review of mechanism of action of outdoor exposure in preventing myopia incidence and progression.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Lifestyle and risk of developing myopia in school children in Chongqing, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Refractive Error and Axial Length and Their Related Factors in 8-Year-Old Japanese Children: The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Myopia progression and associated factors of refractive status in children and adolescents in Tibet and Chongqing during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Myopia in Chinese Adolescents: Its Influencing Factors and Correlation with Physical Activities.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the impact of parental myopia and outdoor time on myopia among students in Wenzhou.
methodsWe examined 1388 primary students from first grade to third grade in Wenzhou from September 2012 to March 2015. We performed noncycloplegic refractometry on each student every six months and axial length (AL) measurements every year. At the commencement of our study, children were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding near work activity and outdoor activity, whereas parents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding their background circumstances and their history of myopia.
resultsA total of 1294 students (93.2%) returned for follow-up examinations. Children with initial and final no myopia spent more time on outdoor activities than those with new onset myopia (1.92 vs. 1.81 h/d, p = 0.022), and elongation of AL in children with a high level (> 2.5 h/day) of outdoor time (0.22 ± 0.13 mm/Y) was less than those with a low level (≤ 1.5 h/day) of outdoor time (0.24 ± 0.14 mm/Y, p = 0.045). The proportion of rapid myopia progression (≤-0.5D/Y) was 16.7%, 20.2% and 31.5% among the children with no myopic parent, one myopic parent and two myopic parents, respectively (X
conclusionsIn this sample, parental myopia and outdoor time were associated with myopia in children. A high level of outdoor time was a protective factor for children with one myopic parent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.