ReviewBMC gastroenterology2021
Non-celiac wheat sensitivity: rationality and irrationality of a gluten-free diet in individuals affected with non-celiac disease: a review.
Review in BMC gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Whole and Sprouted Cereals as Nutritional Modulators of the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation in IBD.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Fermentation in breadmaking: enhancing digestibility and nutritional value for gastrointestinal health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Non-Coeliac Wheat Sensitivity: Symptoms in Search of a Mechanism, or a Distinct Well-Defined Clinical Entity? A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Investigating Non-celiac Wheat Sensitivity: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology Underlying Clinical Implications.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Nonceliac gluten sensitivities: encouraging patients through epistemic humility.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Article
- Gluten-Free Diet for Fashion or Necessity? Review with New Speculations on Irritable Bowel Syndrome-like Disorders.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Wheat-Related Disorders in Children: A 360-Degree View.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Gluten and Wheat in Women's Health: Beyond the Gut.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Gliadin Hydrolysis Capacity ofNutrients · 2023Article
- Reference proteomes of five wheat species as starting point for future design of cultivars with lower allergenic potential.NPJ science of food · 2023Article
- Nutritional Considerations in Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Diet associations in endometriosis: a critical narrative assessment with special reference to gluten.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Personalised Nutritional Plan and Resistance Exercise Program to Improve Health Parameters in Celiac Women.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Detection of Gluten in Gluten-Free Foods of Plant Origin.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Do ancient wheats contain less gluten than modern bread wheat, in favour of better health?Nutrition bulletin · 2022Review
- Diagnostic Dilemma, Possible Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Consideration in Approach and Management.Cureus · 2022Article
- Gluten-Free Cereal Products and Beverages: A Review of Their Health Benefits in the Last Five Years.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Non-celiac gluten or wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a "clinical entity induced by the ingestion of wheat leading to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms that improve once the wheat-containing foodstuff is removed from the diet, and celiac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded". This mostly accepted definition raises several points that remain controversial on this condition. In the present review, the authors summarize the most recent advances in the clinic and research on NCWS through an accurate analysis of different studies. We screened PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Scopus using the keywords "non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "non-celiac wheat sensitivity", and "diagnosis". We would like to emphasize two main points, including (A) the controversial clinical and etiological aspects in different trials and experiences with particular attention to the Salerno criteria for the diagnosis of NCWS and (B) the histological aspects. The etiology of NCWS remains controversial, and the relationship with irritable bowel syndrome is obscure. Histologically, the duodenal mucosa may show a variable pattern from unremarkable to a slight increase in the number of T lymphocytes in the superficial epithelium of villi. The endorsement of this disease is based on a positive response to a gluten-free diet for a limited period, followed by the reappearance of symptoms after gluten challenge. The Salerno expert criteria may help to diagnose NCWS accurately. Social media and inaccurate interpretation of websites may jeopardize the diagnostic process if individuals self-label as gluten intolerant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.