ArticleBMC plant biology2021
The role of JrPPOs in the browning of walnut explants.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extremely low light promotes adventitious shoot regeneration via RpPHYA/RpHYH-antagonized auxin biosynthesis and transport through dual regulation ofHorticulture research · 2026Article
- Encapsulation of lime peel extract in alginate-gelatin microbeads and its potential for browning inhibition in Musa spp. tissue culture.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of enzymatic browning in hazelnuts (Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Review
- Unraveling Mechanisms of Enzymatic Browning in Nuts and Their Relationship with Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors: Management Strategies for Mitigation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms of Browning inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics provide insights into the biosynthesis of militarine in the cell suspension culture system of Bletilla striata.Advanced biotechnology · 2024Article
- Article
- Combating browning: mechanisms and management strategies inForestry research · 2024Review
- The role of walnut bZIP genes in explant browning.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid and relevant defense enzymes correlate closely with walnut resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis.BMC plant biology · 2022Article
- The Development of the Antibacterial Microcapsules of Citrus Essential Oil for the Cosmetotextile Application: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTissue culture is an effective method for the rapid breeding of seedlings and improving production efficiency, but explant browning is a key limiting factor of walnut tissue culture. Specifically, the polymerization of PPO-derived quinones that cause explant browning of walnut is not well understood. This study investigated explants of 'Zanmei' walnut shoot apices cultured in agar (A) or vermiculite (V) media, and the survival percentage, changes in phenolic content, POD and PPO activity, and JrPPO expression in explants were studied to determine the role of PPO in the browning of walnut explants.
resultsThe results showed that the V media greatly reduced the death rate of explants, and 89.9 and 38.7% of the explants cultured in V media and A media survived, respectively. Compared with that of explants at 0 h, the PPO of explants cultured in A was highly active throughout the culture, but activity in those cultured in V remained low. The phenolic level of explants cultured in A increased significantly at 72 h but subsequently declined, and the content in the explants cultured in V increased to a high level only at 144 h. The POD in explants cultured in V showed high activity that did not cause browning. Gene expression assays showed that the expression of JrPPO1 was downregulated in explants cultured in both A and V. However, the expression of JrPPO2 was upregulated in explants cultured in A throughout the culture and upregulated in V at 144 h. JrPPO expression analyses in different tissues showed that JrPPO1 was highly expressed in stems, young leaves, mature leaves, catkins, pistils, and hulls, and JrPPO2 was highly expressed in mature leaves and pistils. Moreover, browning assays showed that both explants in A and leaf tissue exhibited high JrPPO2 activity.
conclusionThe rapid increase in phenolic content caused the browning and death of explants. V media delayed the rapid accumulation of phenolic compounds in walnut explants in the short term, which significantly decreased explants mortality. The results suggest that JrPPO2 plays a key role in the oxidation of phenols in explants after branch injury.
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