ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Assessing the Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury-Time for a Change?
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06927063 (Long-term Recovery and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disruption After Traumatic Brain Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Long-term Recovery and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disruption After Traumatic Brain Injury
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Role of Neuroinflammation in Shaping Neuroplasticity and Recovery Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Clustering identifies endotypes of traumatic brain injury in an intensive care cohort: a CENTER-TBI study.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Multidimensional Preinjury Health and 6-month Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults Presenting With Mainly GCS 13-15.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Updating Traumatic Brain Injury Classification for Surgeons: Integrating the CBI-M Framework Into Trauma and Acute Care Practice.World journal of surgery · 2026Review
- Blood-brain barrier breakdown in traumatic brain injury: current insights and future directions.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Inflammatory-neurodegenerative crosstalk in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury: a multi-domain plasma proteomic study.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Association of serum inflammasome proteins and pediatric traumatic brain injury severity.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The ethics of blood stewardship and quantitative futility assessments to predict certain death in neurotrauma patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- The effects of blast-induced traumatic brain injury on brain cellular mechanics and differentiation.PloS one · 2026Article
- Beyond rehabilitation: toward developmental and trans-sectoral systems of support for complex acquired brain injury in children.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Beyond mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury: modelling severity from clinical, neuroimaging, and blood-based indicators.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Prediction of Outcome in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: The Value of Pragmatic Estimation of the Duration of Posttraumatic Confusional State.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Article
- Clinical Assessment on Days 1-14 for the Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injury: Recommendations from the 2024 NINDS Traumatic Brain Injury Classification and Nomenclature Initiative Clinical/Symptoms Working Group.Journal of neurotrauma · 2025Review
- Review
- Revisiting the critical roles of reactive microglia in traumatic brain injury.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Single-Cell RNA and Transcriptome Sequencing to Analyze the Role of Lactate Metabolism in Traumatic Brain Injury Astrocytes.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Predictive value of hematologic indices on weaning from mechanical ventilation and 30-day mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury in an intensive care unit: A retrospective analysis of MIMIC-IV data.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- High-dimensional proteomic analysis for pathophysiological classification of traumatic brain injury.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Factors Associated With Rehabilitation Length of Stay in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Brain & NeuroRehabilitation · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been described to be man's most complex disease, in man's most complex organ. Despite this vast complexity, variability, and individuality, we still classify the severity of TBI based on non-specific, often unreliable, and pathophysiologically poorly understood measures. Current classifications are primarily based on clinical evaluations, which are non-specific and poorly predictive of long-term disability. Brain imaging results have also been used, yet there are multiple ways of doing brain imaging, at different timepoints in this very dynamic injury. Severity itself is a vague concept. All prediction models based on combining variables that can be assessed during the acute phase have reached only modest predictive values for later outcome. Yet, these early labels of severity often determine how the patient is treated by the healthcare system at large. This opinion paper examines the problems and provides caveats regarding the use of current severity labels and the many practical and scientific issues that arise from doing so. The objective of this paper is to show the causes and consequences of current practice and propose a new approach based on risk classification. A new approach based on multimodal quantifiable data (including imaging and biomarkers) and risk-labels would be of benefit both for the patients and for TBI clinical research and should be a priority for international efforts in the field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.