ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Children's Anxiety and Behavior in Dental Clinics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dental Anxiety Among Children Living in an Orphanage Compared to Children Living with Both of Their Parents in Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessment of Dental Fear and Anxiety Tools for Children: A Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The relationship between Body Mass Index and dental anxiety among pediatric patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Comparing oral health-related quality of life and satisfaction: root canal therapy vs. extraction for first permanent molars in children - a case-control study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked to behavioral problems, but no study has assessed its relationship with dental anxiety. Therefore, this study's goal is to assess the relation between ETS and both behavioral problems and dental anxiety among children.
methodsThe study sample was collected from two centres in Jeddah from October 2019 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria included healthy 5-16-year-old children having their first dental visit with no emergency complaint. The questionnaire including general information, ETS exposure, the child's anxiety using the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) and dental behavior using the Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale.
resultsOf 500 children, 337 (67.4% response rate) responded to the questionnaire, among whom 201 (59.6%) had been exposed to passive smoking compared to 136 (40.4%) who had not. Exposed children had a statistically significantly greater tendency to develop anxiety (
conclusionsChildren exposed to ETS demonstrated statistically significantly higher anxiety levels and uncooperative behavior in the dental clinic compared to those who were not exposed.
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