SynthesisGerontology2021
The Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19.
Synthesis in Gerontology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiac Injury in COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Relevant Meta-Analyses.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of hypertension and associated risks in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of meta-analyses with 1468 studies and 1,281,510 patients.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Preadmission use of antidiabetic medications and mortality among patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic review assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in chronic kidney disease (CKD) individuals.F1000Research · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: Is There a Place for Mid-Regional Pro-Adrenomedullin? Preliminary Data from a Clinical Cohort.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Review of Syndromic Forms of Obesity: Genetic Etiology, Clinical Features, and Molecular Diagnosis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Genetic Variants Affect Distinct Metabolic Pathways in Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Severe COVID-19.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- The Risk of Arrhythmias in Patients with COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Unraveling relevant cross-waves pattern drifts in patient-hospital risk factors among hospitalized COVID-19 patients using explainable machine learning methods.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Omics for searching plasma biomarkers associated with unfavorable COVID-19 progression in hypertensive patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The Severity of COVID-19 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Deciphering long-term immune effects of HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a longitudinal study.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- Improved kidney function is associated with Colchicine treatment in COVID-19 patients.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Host-microbiome associations in saliva predict COVID-19 severity.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Cluster analysis of long COVID in Japan and association of its trajectory of symptoms and quality of life.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Article
- The challenges of epidemiologic translation: communicating with physicians, policymakers, and the public.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The Bidirectional Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Long-COVID-19.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Review
- Long term follow-up of heart rate variability in healthcare workers with mild COVID-19.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe aim to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for the severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison with the non-severe patients.
methodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI to collect all relevant studies published before July 26, 2020, and a total of 30 papers were included in this meta-analysis.
resultsIn the severe COVID-19 patients, 60% (95% CI = 56-64%) were male, 25% (95% CI = 21-29%) were over 65 years old, 34% (95% CI = 24-44%) were obese, and 55% (95% CI = 41-70%) had comorbidities. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (34%, 95% CI = 25-44%), diabetes (20%, 95% CI = 15-25%), and cardiovascular disease (CVD; 12%, 95% CI = 9-16%). The most common blood test abnormalities were elevated C-reactive protein (CRP; 87%, 82-92%), decreased lymphocyte count (68%, 58-77%), and increased lactate dehydrogenase (69%, 95% CI = 57-81%). In addition, abnormal laboratory findings revealing organ dysfunctions were frequently observed in the severe cases, including decrease in albumin (43%, 95% CI = 24-63%) and increase in aspartate aminotransferase (47%, 95% CI = 38-56%), alanine aminotransferase (28%, 95% CI = 16-39%), troponin I/troponin T (TnI/TnT; 29%, 95% CI = 13-45%), and serum Cr (SCr; 10%, 95% CI = 5-15%).
conclusionThe male, elderly and obese patients and those with any comorbidities, especially with hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, were more likely to develop into severe cases. But the association between hypertension, diabetes, CVD, and severity of COVID-19 was declined by the increase of age. A significant elevation in cardiac TnI/TnT, the hepatic enzymes, and SCr and the reduction in lymphocytes with elevated CRPs are important markers for the severity. Specific attention should be given to the elderly male and obese patients and those with indications of severe immune injury in combination with bacterial infection and indication of multi-organ dysfunction or damages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.