Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33406103›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

A scoping review to map the concept, content, and outcome of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors.

Mats Jong, E Anne Lown, Winnie Schats, Michelle L Mills, Heather R Otto, Leiv E Gabrielsen, Miek C Jong

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  3. Communication Strategies to Improve Child Participation in Triadic Consultations Within Healthcare Settings: A Scoping Review.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
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  7. Oxytocin Reactivity during a Wilderness Program without Parents in Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mats JongDepartment of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3907-2197
E Anne LownDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Winnie SchatsScientific Information Service, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Michelle L MillsDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-1689-593X
Heather R OttoSee you at the Summit, Portland, OR, United States of America.
Leiv E GabrielsenDepartment for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital Health Enterprise, Kristiansand, Norway.
Miek C JongDepartment of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesSystematic mapping of the concept, content, and outcome of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors.

designScoping review. SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches were performed in 13 databases and the grey literature. Included studies describe participation of childhood cancer survivors in wilderness programs where the role of nature had a contextual and therapeutic premise. At least two authors independently performed screening, data extraction and analysis.

resultsDatabase searches yielded 1848 articles, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of programs (73%) employed adventure therapy. Five activity categories were identified as components of wilderness programs: challenge/risk, free time/leisure, experiential learning, physical activity and psychotherapeutic activities. A majority of the participating childhood cancer survivors were female, white, aged 8-40 years, with a wide range of cancer diagnoses. Reported outcomes included increased social involvement, self-esteem, self-confidence, self-efficacy, social support, and physical activity. Key gaps identified included the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), lack of studies on long-term effects, lack of information on the multicultural aspects of programs, and missing information on engagement in nature activities after the program ended.

conclusionsThis scoping review guides childhood cancer survivors, their families, practitioners, clinicians and researchers in the development and optimization of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors. In addition, it informs the utilization of these programs, and identifies gaps in the evidence base of wilderness programs. It is recommended that future study reporting on wilderness programs include more detail and explicitly address the role of nature in the program. Performing RCTs on wilderness programs is challenging, as they occur in real-life contexts in which participants cannot be blinded. Creative solutions in the design of pragmatic trials and mixed method studies are thus needed for further investigation of the effectiveness and safety of wilderness programs in childhood cancer survivors.

Indexed as

Cancer SurvivorsAdolescentAdultChildFemaleGoalsHumansMaleMental HealthPublicationsWilderness MedicineYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID33406103
PMCPMC7787391

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.