Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33405159›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2021

Tracing sewage contamination based on sterols and stanols markers within the mainland aquatic ecosystem: a case study of Linggi catchment, Malaysia.

Munirah Abdul Zali, Hafizan Juahir, Azimah Ismail, Ananthy Retnam, Azrul Normi Idris, Anuar Sefie, Ismail Tawnie, Syaiful Bahren Saadudin, Masni Mohd Ali

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Pollution, Inflammation, and Vaccines: A Complex Crosstalk.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Munirah Abdul ZaliCentre of Analysis of Drinking Water, Food and Environmental Safety, Department of Chemistry, Jalan Sultan, 46661, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Hafizan JuahirEast Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. hafizanjuahir@gmail.com.
Azimah IsmailEast Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Ananthy RetnamCentre of Analysis of Drinking Water, Food and Environmental Safety, Department of Chemistry, Jalan Sultan, 46661, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Azrul Normi IdrisNational Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
Anuar SefieNational Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
Ismail TawnieNational Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
Syaiful Bahren SaadudinNational Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
Masni Mohd AliFaculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Sultan Zainal Abidin University · MYNational University of Malaysia · MY

Funding

FRGS FRGS/1/2017/STG01/UNISZA/02/2Internal UNiSZA grant UNiSZA/2017/SRGS/18
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sewage contamination is a principal concern in water quality management as pathogens in sewage can cause diseases and lead to detrimental health effects in humans. This study examines the distribution of seven sterol compounds, namely coprostanol, epi-coprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol in filtered and particulate phases of sewage treatment plants (STPs), groundwater, and river water. For filtered samples, solid-phase extraction (SPE) was employed while for particulate samples were sonicated. Quantification was done by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Faecal stanols (coprostanol and epi-coprostanol) and β-sitosterol were dominant in most STP samples. Groundwater samples were influenced by natural/biogenic sterol, while river water samples were characterized by a mixture of sources. Factor loadings from principal component analysis (PCA) defined fresh input of biogenic sterol and vascular plants (positive varimax factor (VF)1), aged/treated sewage sources (negative VF1), fresh- and less-treated sewage and domestic sources (positive VF2), biological sewage effluents (negative VF2), and fresh-treated sewage sources (VF3) in the samples. Association of VF loadings and factor score values illustrated the correlation of STP effluents and the input of biogenic and plant sterol sources in river and groundwater samples of Linggi. This study focuses on sterol distribution and its potential sources; these findings will aid in sewage assessment in the aquatic environment.

Indexed as

PhytosterolsSterolsAgedEcosystemEnvironmental MonitoringFecesHumansMalaysiaSewagePhytosterolsSewageSterolsGroundwaterPrincipal component analysisRiver waterSewage inputSewage treatment plantSterol

Identifiers

PMID33405159
OpenAlexW3120579334

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.