ReviewCurrent psychiatry reports2021
The Impact of the Menstrual Cycle and Underlying Hormones in Anxiety and PTSD: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go From Here?
Review in Current psychiatry reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Premenstrual exacerbation of mental health disorders: a systematic review of prospective studies.Archives of women's mental health · 2022Pooled it
- Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: A systematic review.Science progressPooled it
- A Single Session of Beach Tennis with Recreational Athletes Improves Anxiety Symptoms in Women but Not in Men: A Randomized Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Trial
- The effect of hydrogen-rich water consumption on premenstrual symptoms and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2024Trial
- Effects of acute estradiol and progesterone on perimenstrual exacerbation of suicidal ideation and related symptoms: a crossover randomized controlled trial.Translational psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Sociodemographic, reproductive, and psychiatric factors associated with menstrual distress in Indonesian women: findings from an online survey using the MEDI-Q.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Article
- Physiological Mechanisms in Pregnancy and Their Relevance to the Clinical Management of Perinatal Mental Illness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Estrous cycle stage gates the effect of stress on reward learning.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The lateral septum orchestrates state-dependent modulation of associative threat memory dynamics across the ovarian hormone cycle.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hormonal contraception and mental health: a narrative review of screening, monitoring, and patient-centered care for family physicians.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The Influence of Perimenstrual Daily Ovarian Hormones on Anxiety and Cigarette Craving.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Anxiety, depression and perseverative cognition in women cycling naturally or taking oral contraceptives - a diary study.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Interindividual and sex differences in resilience and vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): insights from animal models.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- The cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the menstrual health instrument (MHI) among Iranian adolescent females.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Anxiety and Employment Status in a German Working-Age Population: Findings on Sex-Specific Prevalence Rates and Associated Factors of Anxiety From the LIFE-Adult-Study.Depression and anxiety · 2025Article
- Assessment of depression and anxiety in Tunisian patients with chronic diseases: impact on quality of life and medication adherence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Understanding premenstrual exacerbation: navigating the intersection of the menstrual cycle and psychiatric illnesses.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- The impact of PTSD on associations between sex hormones and cardiovascular disease symptoms.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Defensive responses: behaviour, the brain and the body.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewThis paper reviews the recent literature on menstrual cycle phase effects on outcomes relevant to anxiety and PTSD, discusses potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects, and highlights methodological limitations impeding scientific advancement. RECENT
findingsThe menstrual cycle and its underlying hormones impact symptom expression among women with anxiety and PTSD, as well as psychophysiological and biological processes relevant to anxiety and PTSD. The most consistent findings are retrospective self-report of premenstrual exacerbation of anxiety symptoms and the protective effect of estradiol on recall of extinction learning among healthy women. Lack of rigorous methodology for assessing menstrual cycle phase and inconsistent menstrual cycle phase definitions likely contribute to other conflicting results. Further investigations that address these limitations and integrate complex interactions between menstrual cycle phase-related hormones, genetics, and psychological vulnerabilities are needed to inform personalized prevention and intervention efforts for women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.