ArticlePsychopharmacology2021
Modulation of heroin intake by ovarian hormones in gonadectomized and intact female rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ovarian Hormones and Addictive Behaviour Vulnerability: Insights From Preclinical Studies.Addiction biology · 2025Pooled it
- Behavioral flexibility and gut microbiome as potential predictors of oral oxycodone self-administration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rapid nongenomic estrogen signaling controls alcohol drinking behavior in mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Sex differences in opioid response: a role for the gut microbiome?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The effects of gonadal hormones on heroin Self-Administration in male gonadectomized rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Estradiol and Mu opioid-mediated reward: The role of estrogen receptors in opioid use.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Estrous cycle dependent expression of oxycodone conditioned reward in rats.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Chronic inflammatory pain promotes place preference for fentanyl in male rats but does not change fentanyl self-administration in male and female rats.Neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Effects of sex and estrous cycle on intravenous oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior in rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The importance of translationally evaluating steroid hormone contributions to substance use.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2023Review
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Estradiol Enhances the Development of Addiction-Like Features in a Female Rat Model of Opioid Use Disorder.Neuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Effects of sex and estrous cycle on intravenous oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior in rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- A common SNP in Chrna5 enhances morphine reward in female mice.Neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Modulation of morphine physical dependence and discriminative stimulus effects by ovarian hormones: Role of estradiol.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2022Article
- Effects of fentanyl on acute locomotor activity, behavioral sensitization, and contextual reward in female and male rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Effects of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist PT150 on stress-induced fentanyl seeking in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- The effects of chronic estradiol treatment on opioid self-administration in intact female rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- The effects of strain and estrous cycle on heroin- and sugar-maintained responding in female rats.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleHeroin intake decreases during the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle in female rats. Circulating concentrations of both estradiol and progesterone peak during proestrus, and it is not known which of these hormones, or their combination, are responsible for these effects.
objectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of estradiol, progesterone, and their combination on heroin self-administration in female rats.
methodsIn Experiment 1, the estrous cycle of intact female rats was tracked daily. If a rat was in proestrus, either the estrogen receptor antagonist, raloxifene, the progesterone receptor antagonist, mifepristone, or their combination was administered 30 min prior to a heroin self-administration session. In Experiment 2, separate groups of ovariectomized female rats were treated chronically with exogenous estradiol, progesterone, estradiol + progesterone, or vehicle, and heroin intake was examined over a 100-fold dose range.
resultsIn Experiment 1, raloxifene, but not mifepristone, significantly blocked proestrus-associated decreases in heroin intake. In Experiment 2, estrogentreated rats self-administered less heroin than any other group and significantly less heroin than rats treated with progesterone.
conclusionsThese data suggest that (1) estradiol but not progesterone is responsible for proestrus-associated decreases in heroin intake and (2) estradiol decreases heroin intake relative to progesterone. These data differ from those reported previously with stimulants and suggest that estrogen-based pharmacotherapies may be of value to women with opioid use disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.