ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2021
CT imaging of gold nanoparticles in a human-sized phantom.
Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- In Vivo Tracking Modalities for Oncolytic Reovirus: Principles, Clinical Applications, and Translational Integration.Molecular imaging and biology · 2026Review
- Progress in the Development of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Medical Imaging of Tumors: Prospects and Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- New Opportunities and Old Challenges in the Clinical translation of Nanotheranostics.Nature reviews. Materials · 2023Article
- Image contrast assessment of metal-based nanoparticles as applications for image-guided radiation therapy.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are visualized and quantified in a human-sized phantom with a clinical MDCT scanner.
methodsExperiments were conducted with AuNPs between 0.00171 and 200 mgAu/mL. CT images were acquired at 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp in a 33-cm phantom. Image contrast due to AuNPs was experimentally determined from regions of interest (ROIs) and effective linear attenuation coefficients were calculated from CT x-ray spectra with consideration of tissue attenuation.
resultsThe typical 12-bit dynamic range of CT images was exceeded for AuNPs at 150 mgAu/mL. A threshold concentration of 0.3-1.4 mgAu/mL was determined for human visualization in 1-mm images at a typical diagnostic CTDI
conclusionsWe have shown that scanners capable of reconstructing images with extended Hounsfield scales are required for distinguishing any contrast differences above 150 mgAu/mL. We have also shown that AuNPs result in optimal image contrast at 120 kVp in a human-sized phantom due to gold's 80.7 keV k-edge and the attenuation of x-rays by tissue. Typical CT contrast agents, like iodine, require the use of lower kVps for optimal visualization, but lower kVps are more difficult to implement in the clinic because of elevated noise levels, elongated scan times, and/or beam-hardening artifacts. This indicates another significant advantage of AuNPs over iodine not yet discussed in the literature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.