ArticleNeurocritical care2021
Is the CT Blend Sign Composed of Two Parts of Blood with Different Age?
Article in Neurocritical care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglia‑mediated neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: Pathological mechanisms and implications for therapeutic development (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Quantification of hounsfield unit difference in heterogeneous hematoma predicts poor functional outcomes in acute intracerebral hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- CT radiomics combined with clinical and radiological factors predict hematoma expansion in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.European radiology · 2025Article
- Evaluating the value of machine learning models for predicting hematoma expansion in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage based on CT imaging features of hematomas and surrounding oedema.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Morphological characteristics of CT blend sign predict hematoma expansion and outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage in elderly patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBlend sign on initial computed tomography (CT) is associated with poor outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the mechanisms underlying the blend sign formation are poorly understood. The present study aimed to explore the possible mechanism of the CT blend sign in patients with ICH.
methodsSeventy healthy rabbits were selected to prepare an ICH model. The animals were assigned to a whole blood group + whole blood group (ww group, 50 rabbits), a whole blood + plasma group (wp group, 10 rabbits) or a whole blood + serum group (ws group, 10 rabbits). The animals of the ww group were allocated to five subgroups based on the interval between the first infusion of blood and the second one. The subgroups included ww 1 h group (with an interval of 1 h), ww 2 h group, ww 3 h group, ww 4 h group and ww 5 h group. The rabbits from each group received first infusion of 0.3 mL of whole blood into the basal ganglia area to form a hematoma. Then, they received a second infusion of the same amount of whole blood, plasma or serum into the brain to form another hematoma adjacent to the first one.
resultsA hematoma with two densities on brain CT could be formed in each group after a second infusion of blood into the brain. A significant difference in CT attenuation values was observed between the hyperattenuation and the hypoattenuation in all the groups. However, only the morphological features of the hematoma in the ww group was in accordance with the CT blend sign observed in humans. The CT attenuation values in the hypodensity area of the ww 4 h group or the ww 5 h group were decreased compared with the ww 1 h group to the ww 3 h group.
conclusionsThe CT blend sign observed in humans might be composed of two parts of blood with different ages. The hypodense area might be blood with older age and the hyperdense area might be new bleeding.
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