ReviewTherapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism2020
Glucocorticoids in Graves' orbitopathy: mechanisms of action and clinical application.
Review in Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of Tocilizumab for thyroid eye disease: a systemic review and Meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Secukinumab in Moderate-to-Severe Graves Orbitopathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- A controlled clinical study on efficacy and safety of periocular triamcinolone acetonide injection for treating ocular myasthenia gravis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- The Role of S100A8/A9 in Autoimmune Eye Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Targeted Therapy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Habitat imaging based on water-fat separation for interpreting extraocular muscle heterogeneity in thyroid eye disease.European thyroid journal · 2026Article
- Therapeutic efficacy of glucocorticoids, ATP, and antithyroid drugs in acute thyrotoxic myopathy: evaluation using the acute thyrotoxic myopathy symptom score.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Cytokines and drugs targeting cytokines in Graves' disease and thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Can chimeric antigen receptors - based therapy bring a gleam of hope for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and other autoimmune diseases?Medical review (2021) · 2025Article
- Review
- Long-term outcome of Graves' orbitopathy following treatment with sirolimus.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Targeted immunotherapies for Graves' thyroidal & orbital diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Application progress of magnetic resonance imaging in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Cerium oxide nanoparticles attenuates fibrosis and inflammation in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy via JNK pathway.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Review
- A novel nomogram to predict glucocorticoid response in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: findings from a pilot study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Thyroid Eye Disease Pathogenesis: From Immune Dysregulations to Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Review of Novel Medical Treatments for Thyroid Eye Disease.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2024Review
- The changing landscape of thyroid eye disease: current clinical advances and future outlook.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Safety of non-standard regimen of systemic steroid therapy in patients with Graves' orbitopathy: a single-centre experience.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGraves' orbitopathy (GO) is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of the autoimmune Graves' disease. GO significantly impacts quality of life and has a psycho-social morbidity. Inflammation and swelling of the orbital tissue often leads to proptosis, diplopia, and decrease of visual acuity. Due to the inflammatory background of the disease, glucocorticoids (GC) have been used as a first-line treatment for decades.
methodsPubMed and MeSH database were searched for original articles, clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analyses published between 1 January 2000 and 31 March 2020 and pertaining to both the mechanism of action and immunological effects of GC as well as to the treatment of GO by GC. The publications were evaluated according to their setting and study design.
resultsGC act through genomic (trans-activation and trans-repression) and rapid non-genomic mechanisms. GC in general, and the intravenous (IV) administration of GC in particular, markedly decrease the activity and number of the most potent antigen-presenting dendritic cells. According to the internationally acknowledged European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the management of GO, weekly IVGC application over 12 weeks is recommended as first-line treatment for patients with active and severe GO. The daily and cumulative dose should be tailored according to clinical severity, for example, 4.5 g of IV methylprednisolone for the inflammatory component
conclusionIVGC still represents the standard of care in active/severe GO. Innovative biologicals, like monoclonal antibodies targeting the thyrotropin/Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors or pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Interleukin-6) should be compared with standard GC treatment with respect to short- and long-term efficacy, safety, costs, and global availability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.