Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33402940›Full record

ArticleAfrican health sciences2020

Unorthodox ophthalmic preparations on the Ghanaian market: a potential risk for ocular and enteric infections.

Samuel Kyei, Eric Dogbadze, Selassie Tagoh, Estele Mwanza

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in African health sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 37% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Samuel KyeiDepartment of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Eric DogbadzeDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Selassie TagohDepartment of Optometry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe.
Estele MwanzaDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.
University of Cape Coast · GHBindura University of Science Education · ZW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMicrobial contamination of orthodox ophthalmic preparations poses a serious threat to the user by causing ocular infections. There is no such information about unorthodox ophthalmic preparations in a medical pluralistic system such as Ghana. The aim of this study was to assess unorthodox ophthalmic medications on the Ghanaian market for possible microbial contaminations.

methodsUnorthodox ophthalmic preparations were collected across different herbal and homeopathic outlets in Ghana. A total of 27 samples were collected from the ten (10) regions in Ghana. The samples were inoculated in different culture media (Plate count Agar, Blood Agar, MacConkey Agar, Saboraud Dextrose Agar). The microorganisms isolated were identified using standard microbiological procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility was done to determine whether they were resistant or susceptible strains.

resultsAll the samples were contaminated with bacteria and the majority were contaminated with fungus. A total of forty-eight bacteria

conclusionUnorthodox ophthalmic preparations found on the Ghanaian market are contaminated with bacteria and fungi of clinical importance.

Indexed as

Drug ContaminationAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsBacteriaColony Count, MicrobialCorneal UlcerEye InfectionsEye Infections, FungalFungiGhanaHumansKeratitisOphthalmic SolutionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsOphthalmic Solutionscorneal ulcersfungal keratitisocular infectionRisk of infectionsunorthodox medicine

Identifiers

PMID33402940
PMCPMC7750071
OpenAlexW3019557976

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.