ReviewMolecular cancer therapeutics2021
Salting the Soil: Targeting the Microenvironment of Brain Metastases.
Review in Molecular cancer therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The emerging roles of cerebral pericytes in brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Role of CSF interleukin-6 in the prognosis of patients with Leptomeningeal metastases of glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Tumor Exosomal L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Promotes Brain Metastasis of Lung Cancer.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- A large scale multi-dataset investigation of brain metastases distribution based on primary cancer type.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Identifying the genomic landscape of EGFR-mutant lung cancers with central nervous system metastases.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025Article
- The Tumor-Associated Neutrophils-Related Signatures Predict Prognosis and Indicate Immune Landscape in Colorectal Carcinoma.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Proteomic insights into breast cancer response to brain cell-secreted factors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Enhancing brain metastasis prediction in non-small cell lung cancer: a deep learning-based segmentation and CT radiomics-based ensemble learning model.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2024Article
- Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Review
- A comprehensive profiling of the immune microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastases.Neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Melanoma central nervous system metastases: An update to approaches, challenges, and opportunities.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2022Review
- Feed-forward loops between metastatic cancer cells and their microenvironment-the stage of escalation.EMBO molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Establishment of patient-derived organoid models of lower-grade glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Investigation of the added value of CT-based radiomics in predicting the development of brain metastases in patients with radically treated stage III NSCLC.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2022Article
- Towards updated understanding of brain metastasis.American journal of cancer research · 2022Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Mechanism to Therapy and Prognosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Paget's "seed and soil" hypothesis of metastatic spread has acted as a foundation of the field for over a century, with continued evolution as mechanisms of the process have been elucidated. The central nervous system (CNS) presents a unique soil through this lens, relatively isolated from peripheral circulation and immune surveillance with distinct cellular and structural composition. Research in primary and metastatic brain tumors has demonstrated that this tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in the growth of CNS tumors. In each case, the cancerous cells develop complex and bidirectional relationships that reorganize the local TME and reprogram the CNS cells, including endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, infiltrating monocytes, and lymphocytes. These interactions create a structurally and immunologically permissive TME with malignant processes promoting positive feedback loops and systemic consequences. Strategies to interrupt interactions with the native CNS components, on "salting the soil," to create an inhospitable environment are promising in the preclinical setting. This review aims to examine the general and specific pathways thus far investigated in brain metastases and related work in glioma to identify targetable mechanisms that may have general application across the spectrum of intracranial tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.