ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Mer regulates microglial/macrophage M1/M2 polarization and alleviates neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 175 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 353 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Adipokine SFRP5-Mediated Lipid Metabolism and Its Potential Role in Neural Development.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Pooled it
- Pembrolizumab and cabozantinib in recurrent metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- ACP5-positive macrophages contribute to cerebral oedema and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Graded traumatic brain injury severity differentially modulates microglial and astrocytic polarization states and response to minocycline.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- Intranasal CRISPR lipid nanoparticles targeting MAPK9 attenuate neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Article
- Article
- Defective efferocytosis in diabetes: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Transcranial photobiomodulation mitigates neuroinflammation by suppressing the activation of neurotoxic microglia through inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Syndecan-4 in microglia mediates ischemic stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and blood-brain barrier damage by interacting with Dishevelled.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Attenuates Neuroinflammatory Responses and Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Targeting Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk to Regulate Neuronal Excitability: Novel Translational Approaches for Chronic Pain Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- [Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Intranasal CRISPR- lipid nanoparticles targeting MAPK9 reduce neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury.Research square · 2026Article
- IL-3 Modulates Microglia Polarization and Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Exosomal Circ_STAT1-AS Delivery Induced by Dexmedetomidine Modulates Microglial Polarization to Alleviate Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Inhibiting JAK/STAT1 Pathway.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Intranasal CRISPR-lipid nanoparticles targeting MAPK9 reduce neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Innovative Biomaterials for Modulating Neuroinflammation and Promoting Repair After Traumatic Brain Injury.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- CD204 regulates microglial/macrophage M1/M2 polarization and alleviates neuroinflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neuro-bone-skin tri-regeneration via a microenvironment-responsive PRP-loaded chitosan hydrogel for traumatic brain injury therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Interferon-induced protein IFIT3 as a molecular nexus of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Microglial/macrophage activation and neuroinflammation are key cellular events following TBI, but the regulatory and functional mechanisms are still not well understood. Myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase (Mer), a member of the Tyro-Axl-Mer (TAM) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, regulates multiple features of microglial/macrophage physiology. However, its function in regulating the innate immune response and microglial/macrophage M1/M2 polarization in TBI has not been addressed. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of Mer in regulating microglial/macrophage M1/M2 polarization and neuroinflammation following TBI.
methodsThe controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model was employed. Mer siRNA was intracerebroventricularly administered, and recombinant protein S (PS) was intravenously applied for intervention. The neurobehavioral assessments, RT-PCR, Western blot, magnetic-activated cell sorting, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy analysis, Nissl and Fluoro-Jade B staining, brain water content measurement, and contusion volume assessment were performed.
resultsMer is upregulated and regulates microglial/macrophage M1/M2 polarization and neuroinflammation in the acute stage of TBI. Mechanistically, Mer activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)/suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/3 (SOCS1/3) pathway. Inhibition of Mer markedly decreases microglial/macrophage M2-like polarization while increases M1-like polarization, which exacerbates the secondary brain damage and sensorimotor deficits after TBI. Recombinant PS exerts beneficial effects in TBI mice through Mer activation.
conclusionsMer is an important regulator of microglial/macrophage M1/M2 polarization and neuroinflammation, and may be considered as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in TBI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.