Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33402074›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2021

The development of affiliative and coercive reproductive tactics in male chimpanzees.

Rachna B Reddy, Kevin E Langergraber, Aaron A Sandel, Linda Vigilant, John C Mitani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Strategies, costs and counter-strategies to sexual coercion.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Drivers of female power in bonobos.Communications biology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Reproductive inequality among males in the genusPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rachna B ReddyDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Kevin E LangergraberSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Aaron A SandelDepartment of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Linda VigilantMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, Germany.
John C MitaniDepartment of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Funding

Cumulative Life Course Effects on Aging and Health in a Long-Lived Primate ModelR37AG049395 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI Elizabeth Vinson Lonsdorf, Melissa Emery Thompson · 2022 to 2026
$3.2M
Biodemography of Aging in Wild ChimpanzeesR01AG049395 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI MITANI, JOHN CARY, ROSATI, ALEXANDRA G · 2015 to 2019
$2.9M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG049395NIA NIH HHS R37 AG049395
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Like many animals, adult male chimpanzees often compete for a limited number of mates. They fight other males as they strive for status that confers reproductive benefits and use aggression to coerce females to mate with them. Nevertheless, small-bodied, socially immature adolescent male chimpanzees, who cannot compete with older males for status nor intimidate females, father offspring. We investigated how they do so through a study of adolescent and young adult males at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Adolescent males mated with nulliparous females and reproduced primarily with these first-time mothers, who are not preferred as mating partners by older males. Two other factors, affiliation and aggression, also influenced mating success. Specifically, the strength of affiliative bonds that males formed with females and the amount of aggression males directed toward females predicted male mating success. The effect of male aggression toward females on mating success increased as males aged, especially when they directed it toward females with whom they shared affiliative bonds. These results mirror sexual coercion in humans, which occurs most often between males and females involved in close, affiliative relationships.

Indexed as

CoercionPan troglodytesAdolescentAggressionAnimalsFemaleHumansMaleReproductionSexual Behavior, AnimalUgandaalternative mating tacticschimpanzeedevelopmentPan troglodytessexual coercion

Identifiers

PMID33402074
PMCPMC7892417

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.