Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33401596›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021

Virtual Body Ownership Illusions for Mental Health: A Narrative Review.

Marta Matamala-Gomez, Antonella Maselli, Clelia Malighetti, Olivia Realdon, Fabrizia Mantovani, Giuseppe Riva

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Exploring Virtual Reality for Body Image Assessment and Psychological Interventions in Individuals With Obesity: a Comprehensive Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Marta Matamala-GomezCenter for Studies in Communication Sciences "Luigi Anolli" (CESCOM), Department of Human Sciences for Education "Riccardo Massa", University of Milano-Bicocca, 1-20126 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8463-3838
Antonella MaselliInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council (CNR), 44-00185 Rome, Italy.
Clelia MalighettiDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 1-20123 Milan, Italy.
Olivia RealdonCenter for Studies in Communication Sciences "Luigi Anolli" (CESCOM), Department of Human Sciences for Education "Riccardo Massa", University of Milano-Bicocca, 1-20126 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7879-4723
Fabrizia MantovaniCenter for Studies in Communication Sciences "Luigi Anolli" (CESCOM), Department of Human Sciences for Education "Riccardo Massa", University of Milano-Bicocca, 1-20126 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4772-9109
Giuseppe RivaDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 1-20123 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3657-106X
University of Milano-Bicocca · ITUniversity of Milan · ITNational Research Council · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the last 20 years, virtual reality (VR) has been widely used to promote mental health in populations presenting different clinical conditions. Mental health does not refer only to the absence of psychiatric disorders but to the absence of a wide range of clinical conditions that influence people's general and social well-being such as chronic pain, neurological disorders that lead to motor o perceptual impairments, psychological disorders that alter behaviour and social cognition, or physical conditions like eating disorders or present in amputees. It is known that an accurate perception of oneself and of the surrounding environment are both key elements to enjoy mental health and well-being, and that both can be distorted in patients suffering from the clinical conditions mentioned above. In the past few years, multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of VR to modulate such perceptual distortions of oneself and of the surrounding environment through virtual body ownership illusions. This narrative review aims to review clinical studies that have explored the manipulation of embodied virtual bodies in VR for improving mental health, and to discuss the current state of the art and the challenges for future research in the context of clinical care.

Indexed as

body illusionsembodimentmental healthvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID33401596
PMCPMC7796179
OpenAlexW3120985326

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.