ReviewCancers2021
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 284 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Intra-Arterial Plus Intravesical ChemotherapyFrontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- A Phase II Trial of Guadecitabine plus Atezolizumab in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Progressing after Initial Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Trial
- Phase 1 study of KHK2455, a long-acting, potent and selective IDO1 inhibitor, in combination with avelumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Disease stage-dependent expression of ADC-related biomarkers in urothelial carcinoma.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- SIRT2-mediated deacetylation activates USP22 catalytic function for PD-L1 protein stabilization and tumor immune escape.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemical evaluation of molecular subtypes in muscle invasive bladder cancer with demographic correlation.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- CCL5 hiCD4+ T Cells Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Promote Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based integration identifies lactylation biomarkers for prognosis prediction and tumor microenvironment modulation in bladder cancer.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine in immunotherapy of urinary system tumors: advances, synergistic strategies, and translational challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- The hypoxic ECM and neutrophils in MIBC immunotherapy resistance.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneousMolecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- APR-246 drives ROS-dependent ferroptosis and apoptosis and enhances anti-PD-1 efficacy in bladder cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mast-cell derived nerve growth factor drives ILC2 pro-tumoral functions in bladder cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Unequal Progress in Early-Onset Bladder Cancer Control: Global Trends, Socioeconomic Disparities, and Policy Efficiency from 1990 to 2021.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Machine Learning in Biomarker-Driven Precision Oncology: Automated Immunohistochemistry Scoring and Emerging Directions in Genitourinary Cancers.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Nano-Immunotherapy Synergizing Ferroptosis and STING Activation in Metastatic Bladder Cancer.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- HLA class-I genotyping to personalize Bacille Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy in bladder cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Resveratrol amplifies the anti-tumor effect of α-PD-1 by altering the intestinal microbiome and PGD2 content.Gut microbes · 2025Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A number of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as first-line therapy in case of cisplatin-ineligible patients or as second-line therapy for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) of the bladder. About 30% of patients with mUC will respond to ICIs immunotherapy. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression detected by immunohistochemistry seems to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with mUC as supported by the objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) associated with the response observed in most clinical trials. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, demonstrated better OS respective to chemotherapy in a randomized phase 3 study for second-line treatment of mUC. Nivolumab, a PD-1 antibody, also demonstrated an OS benefit when compared to controls. Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, and Avelumab antibodies targeting PD-L1 have also received approval as second-line treatments for mUC with durable response for more than 1 year in selected patients. Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab also received approval for first-line treatment of patients that are ineligible for cisplatin. A focus on the utility of ICIs in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting, or as combination with chemotherapy, is the basis of some ongoing trials. The identification of a clinically useful biomarker, single or in association, to determine the optimal ICIs treatment for patients with mUC is very much needed as emphasized by the current literature. In this review, we examined relevant clinical trial results with ICIs in patients with mUC alone or as part of drug combinations; emphasis is also placed on the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. The current landscape of selected biomarkers of response to ICIs including anti-PD-L1 immunohistochemistry is also briefly reviewed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.