ReviewBrain sciences2021
Summary of over Fifty Years with Brain-Computer Interfaces-A Review.
Review in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Brain-computer interfaces and neural synchronization in esports: a systematic review of effects on reaction time, decision-making, and cognitive performance.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- EEG-Based BCIs on Motor Imagery Paradigm Using Wearable Technologies: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Diffusion Inverse Filtering: Enhancing Functional Connectivity-Based Pattern Recognition by Counteracting Spatial Smoothing.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Neural Vision Restoration in Ophthalmology.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Brain-Computer Interfaces: The Dawn of a New Era in Disease Treatment.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Effects of Brain-Computer Interface-Controlled Hand Robot Training on Post-Stroke Recovery of Upper Limb Motor Functions: A Meta-Analysis of Dose-Matched Randomized Controlled Trials.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- A visual imagery paradigm for BCI strategies using imagined flickering patterns.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Deep Learning-Based Decoding and Feature Visualization of Motor Imagery Speeds From EEG Signals.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Article
- [Brain-controlled unmanned aerial vehicle system based on meta brain computer interface open-source software platform].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Article
- Silicon Carbide Neural Interfaces: A Review of Progress Toward Monolithic Devices.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Investigation of Personalized Visual Stimuli via Checkerboard Patterns Using Flickering Circles for SSVEP-Based BCI System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Eco-Friendly Conductive Hydrogels: Towards Green Wearable Electronics.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dual-Mode Visual System for Brain-Computer Interfaces: Integrating SSVEP and P300 Responses.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Artifact filtering application to increase online parity in a communication BCI: progress toward use in daily-life.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Epileptic brain imaging by source localization CLARA supported by ictal-based semiology and VEEG in resource-limited settings.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2025Article
- Exploring individual biases in BCI research and users: Does gender matter?Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Computing with electromagnetic fields rather than binary digits: a route towards artificial general intelligence and conscious AI.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2025Article
- Review on Carbon-Based Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems for Biotechnological Application.Recent patents on nanotechnology · 2025Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the Brain-Computer Interfaces have been gradually making their way to the epicenter of scientific interest. Many scientists from all around the world have contributed to the state of the art in this scientific domain by developing numerous tools and methods for brain signal acquisition and processing. Such a spectacular progress would not be achievable without accompanying technological development to equip the researchers with the proper devices providing what is absolutely necessary for any kind of discovery as the core of every analysis: the data reflecting the brain activity. The common effort has resulted in pushing the whole domain to the point where the communication between a human being and the external world through BCI interfaces is no longer science fiction but nowadays reality. In this work we present the most relevant aspects of the BCIs and all the milestones that have been made over nearly 50-year history of this research domain. We mention people who were pioneers in this area as well as we highlight all the technological and methodological advances that have transformed something available and understandable by a very few into something that has a potential to be a breathtaking change for so many. Aiming to fully understand how the human brain works is a very ambitious goal and it will surely take time to succeed. However, even that fraction of what has already been determined is sufficient e.g., to allow impaired people to regain control on their lives and significantly improve its quality. The more is discovered in this domain, the more benefit for all of us this can potentially bring.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.