ReviewBiomedicines2021
Two Players in the Field: Hierarchical Model of Interaction between the Dopamine and Acetylcholine Signaling Systems in the Striatum.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coordinated yet asymmetric striatal neuromodulatory dynamics encode associative learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cognitive engagement induces area-specific fingerprints of dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate and GABA in prefrontal cortex and striatum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Memory Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: An Exploration of Underlying Mechanisms.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Dopamine enhances surface glial glycolysis via acetylcholine and insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling in the honeybee.iScience · 2026Article
- The Novel Functions of M4 Muscarinic Receptors.Physiological research · 2025Review
- The addictive and neurotoxicological evaluation ofIBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Neurodegenerative Disease Movement Disorders and Dorsal Striatum-Mediated Imbalance of Habitual Motor Sequences.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Pathways in Cancer: From Psychiatric Clues to Therapeutic Opportunities.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Dopamine Dysregulation in Reward and Autism Spectrum Disorder.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Muscarinic Receptors and Alzheimer's Disease: New Perspectives and Mechanisms.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Dopamine and acetylcholine have distinct roles in delay- and effort-based decision-making in humans.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- A sex-specific effect of MFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Common Denominators of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis and Methamphetamine Abuse.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Chronobiology of Parkinson's disease: Past, present and future.The European journal of neuroscience · 2023Review
- Review
- Dopamine in Health and Disease.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Differential Influence of Amyloid-β on the Kinetics of Dopamine Release in the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum of Rats.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tight interactions exist between dopamine and acetylcholine signaling in the striatum. Dopaminergic neurons express muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and cholinergic interneurons express dopamine receptors. All neurons in the striatum are pacemakers. An increase in dopamine release is activated by stopping acetylcholine release. The coordinated timing or synchrony of the direct and indirect pathways is critical for refined movements. Changes in neurotransmitter ratios are considered a prominent factor in Parkinson's disease. In general, drugs increase striatal dopamine release, and others can potentiate both dopamine and acetylcholine release. Both neurotransmitters and their receptors show diurnal variations. Recently, it was observed that reward function is modulated by the circadian system, and behavioral changes (hyperactivity and hypoactivity during the light and dark phases, respectively) are present in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. The striatum is one of the key structures responsible for increased locomotion in the active (dark) period in mice lacking M
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.