ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Relative Effectiveness of the Cell-derived Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Versus Egg-derived Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-related Medical Encounters During the 2018-2019 Influenza Season in the United States.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relative Effectiveness of Cell-Cultured versus Egg-Based Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Related Outcomes in Subjects 18 Years Old or Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Differential Induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes by Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines in Children During the 2018-2019 Season.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Absolute and Relative Effectiveness of Cell Culture-Based and Egg-Based Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza (Flu) Vaccine Products From the 2014-2015 to 2018-2019 Seasons, US Flu VE Network.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Observational
- Superior Effectiveness and Estimated Public Health Impact of Cell- Versus Egg-Based Influenza Vaccines in Children and Adults During the US 2023-2024 Season.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Estimated Relative Effectiveness and Public Health Impact of Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Influenza Vaccines During the 2022-2023 Season in the United States.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Cell Culture-Based Influenza Vaccine, 2023-2024.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- MF59-like adjuvant containing yeast-derived squalene enhances the humoral immune response to cell-derived influenza vaccine.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- The economic rationale for cell-based influenza vaccines in children and adults: A review of cost-effectiveness analyses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Opportunities and challenges for T cell-based influenza vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of Cell- vs Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Against Test-Confirmed Influenza Over 3 Seasons Between 2017 and 2020 in the United States.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- [Cell-based influenza vaccines: an effective vaccine option for under 60-year-olds].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Article
- Cell-based influenza vaccines: An effective vaccine option for under 60-year-olds.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of Cell-Based Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Vaccine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Vaccine Effectiveness of Cell-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Children: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Relative Effectiveness of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines and Homologous Boosting in Preventing COVID-19 in Adults in the US.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Relative Effectiveness of the Cell-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Preventing Cardiorespiratory Hospitalizations in Adults Aged 18-64 Years During the 2019-2020 US Influenza Season.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Cell-Based Manufacturing Technology Increases Antigenic Match of Influenza Vaccine and Results in Improved Effectiveness.Vaccines · 2022Review
- [Health Technology Assessment: a value-based tool for the evaluation of healthcare technologies. Reassessment of the cell-culture-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccine: Flucelvax TetraJournal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe cell-propagated inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) may offer improved protection in seasons where egg-derived influenza viruses undergo mutations that affect antigenicity. This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of ccIIV4 versus egg-derived inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (eIIV4) in preventing influenza-related medical encounters in the 2018-2019 US season.
methodsA dataset linking primary care electronic medical records with medical claims data was used to conduct a retrospective cohort study among individuals ≥ 4 years old vaccinated with ccIIV4 or eIIV4 during the 2018-2019 season. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were derived from a doubly robust inverse probability of treatment-weighted approach adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, geographic region, vaccination week, and health status. rVE was estimated by (1 - OR) × 100 and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsFollowing the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, the study cohort included 2 125 430 ccIIV4 and 8 000 903 eIIV4 recipients. Adjusted analyses demonstrated a greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters with ccIIV4 versus eIIV4, with the following rVE: overall, 7.6% (95% CI, 6.5-8.6); age 4-17 years, 3.9% (95% CI, .9-7.0); 18-64 years, 6.5% (95% CI, 5.2-7.9); 18-49 years, 7.5% (95% CI, 5.7-9.3); 50-64 years, 5.6% (95% CI, 3.6-7.6); and ≥65 years, -2.2% (95% CI, -5.4 to .9).
conclusionsAdjusted analyses demonstrated statistically significantly greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters in individuals vaccinated with ccIIV4 versus eIIV4 in the 2018-2019 US influenza season. These results support ccIIV4 as a potentially more effective public health measure against influenza than an egg-based equivalent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.