ArticleNanoscale horizons2021
Immunostimulatory silica nanoparticle boosts innate immunity in brain tumors.
Article in Nanoscale horizons, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- cGAS-STING agonists in preclinical glioblastoma animal models: a systematic review of tumor microenvironment modulation and survival outcomes.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Nanoengineered STING agonists for cancer therapy: toward immunodynamic control.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Targeting immunosuppressive network in glioblastoma: Emerging strategies to overcome immunodeficiency and enhance therapeutic efficacy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Small Particles, Big Impact: Inorganic Nanotechnology for Glioblastoma.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Glymphatic-Immune Axis in Glioblastoma: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- STING signaling pathway: An oasis in the glioblastoma immune desert.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Recent Advancements in Nanoparticles-based Approaches for the Theranostics of Glioblastoma Multiforme.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms for precision activation of the STING pathway in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanocarrier-mediated modulation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway to disrupt tumor microenvironment.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- The STING Signaling: A Novel Target for Central Nervous System Diseases.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Advancements in nanotheranostics for glioma therapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as an Ideal Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Directions.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- Combination of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) intratumoral therapy and oxaliplatin chemotherapy.Materials advances · 2024Article
- Engineering approaches for innate immune-mediated tumor microenvironment remodeling.Immuno-oncology technology · 2024Review
- STING signaling in the brain: Molecular threats, signaling activities, and therapeutic challenges.Neuron · 2024Review
- Nanomaterial-encapsulated STING agonists for immune modulation in cancer therapy.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- STING activation increases the efficiency of temozolomide in PTEN harbouring glioblastoma cells.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Investigating the effects of PTEN mutations on cGAS-STING pathway in glioblastoma tumours.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Treatment in Glioblastoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The high mortality associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is attributed to its invasive nature, hypoxic core, resistant cell subpopulations and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To support adaptive immune function and establish a more robust antitumor immune response, we boosted the local innate immune compartment of GBM using an immunostimulatory mesoporous silica nanoparticle, termed immuno-MSN. The immuno-MSN was specifically designed for systemic and proficient delivery of a potent innate immune agonist to dysfunctional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the brain TME. The cargo of the immuno-MSN was cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (cdGMP), a Stimulator of Interferon Gene (STING) agonist. Studies showed the immuno-MSN promoted the uptake of STING agonist by APCs in vitro and the subsequent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon β, 6-fold greater than free agonist. In an orthotopic GBM mouse model, systemically administered immuno-MSN particles were taken up by APCs in the near-perivascular regions of the brain tumor with striking efficiency. The immuno-MSNs facilitated the recruitment of dendritic cells and macrophages to the TME while sparing healthy brain tissue and peripheral organs, resulting in elevated circulating CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.