ArticleJCI insight2021
HIV-specific T cell responses reflect substantive in vivo interactions with antigen despite long-term therapy.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term effect of temporary ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection on viral persistence.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- In vivo effect of anti-PD-1 on HIV-specific CD8+T-cells in men with HIV.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Article
- Potential Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on HIV-1 Reservoir in People Living with HIV.Viruses · 2026Review
- Article
- Fecal microbiota transplantation reduces inflammation and modulates gene expression in HIV-infected double humanized-BLT (dHu-BLT) mice on antiretroviral therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- HIV Nef amplifies mechanical heterogeneity to promote immune evasion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Resist to persist: resistance of the HIV reservoir to immune-mediated clearance.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Understanding the HIV-specific T-cell response to immune checkpoint blockade: what can we learn from cancer immunotherapy?Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- From network biology to immunity: potential longitudinal biomarkers for targeting the network topology of the HIV reservoir.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Increased Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Humanized Mice Is Caused by a Single Viral Protein, Nef.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The role of Nef in the long-term persistence of the replication-competent HIV reservoir in South African women.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- EZH2 inhibition mitigates HIV immune evasion, reduces reservoir formation, and promotes skewing of CD8Cell reports · 2025Article
- SIV proviruses seeded later in infection are harbored in short-lived CD4Cell reports · 2025Article
- Autologous HIV-specific T cell therapy targeting conserved epitopes is well-tolerated in six adults with HIV: an open-label, single-arm phase 1 study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute infection in women with HIV-1 clade C reduces anti-Tat antibody production and lowers CD8+ T cell activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The role of Nef in the long-term persistence of the replication-competent HIV reservoir in South African women.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Long-term antiretroviral therapy rejuvenates the HIV-specific CD8Nature immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) abrogate HIV replication; however, infection persists as long-lived reservoirs of infected cells with integrated proviruses, which reseed replication if ART is interrupted. A central tenet of our current understanding of this persistence is that infected cells are shielded from immune recognition and elimination through a lack of antigen expression from proviruses. Efforts to cure HIV infection have therefore focused on reactivating latent proviruses to enable immune-mediated clearance, but these have yet to succeed in reducing viral reservoirs. Here, we revisited the question of whether HIV reservoirs are predominately immunologically silent from a new angle: by querying the dynamics of HIV-specific T cell responses over long-term ART for evidence of ongoing recognition of HIV-infected cells. In longitudinal assessments, we show that the rates of change in persisting HIV Nef-specific responses, but not responses to other HIV gene products, were associated with residual frequencies of infected cells. These Nef-specific responses were highly stable over time and disproportionately exhibited a cytotoxic, effector functional profile, indicative of recent in vivo recognition of HIV antigens. These results indicate substantial visibility of the HIV-infected cells to T cells on stable ART, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the development of therapeutic approaches to curing infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.