ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2020
Retinopathy in adults with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Western Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indicators of optimal diabetes care and burden of diabetes complications in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Severity of hypertensive retinopathy and its determinants among adult patients attending ophthalmic centers in Northern Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Article
- PDIA3 rs2788: An Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension and Its Interaction With Antihypertensive Medications.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Advances in materials science for ocular diseases induced by cardiovascular risk factors.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- High Rates of Undiagnosed Target Organ Damage Among Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure or Diabetes Mellitus in a Community-Based Survey in Lesotho.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
- A risk prediction model for type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with retinopathy based on machine learning and its application in health management.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveLittle is known about the retinal manifestations of arterial hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in Western Tanzania and how to maximise the utilisation of scarce eye health resources. To address this, we determined the prevalence of hypertensive and diabetic retinopathy (DR), associated risk factors and relevant patient knowledge.
methodsAdults with HTN or DM attending outpatient clinics at Bugando Medical Center (BMC) from June to August 2017 were enrolled. Fundus photographs were obtained, and data were collected on blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), blood sugar, visual acuity (VA) and responses to questions about the effects of HTN and DM on the eye.
resultsA total of 180 persons were screened. When only individuals with DR were considered, bivariate regression found systolic BP was significantly associated with severity of DR (P = 0.034). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using the maximum Youden index revealed the optimum cut-off using duration of DM to predict any DR was 8 years (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI 0.65-0.85). Fewer persons with HTN were aware of the effect of high BP on the eye (61.6%) than persons with DM who were aware of the effect of high blood sugar on the eye (74.4%) (P = 0.048).
conclusionEfforts should be made to vigorously treat HTN among adults with DM and refer adults with duration of DM of 8 years or more for a dilated retinal examination. Additional efforts should be made to promote awareness of the sight threatening potential of HTN in resource-limited settings.
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