Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33400332›Full record

ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021

Progression of cannabis withdrawal symptoms in people using medical cannabis for chronic pain.

Lara N Coughlin, Mark A Ilgen, Mary Jannausch, Maureen A Walton, Kipling M Bohnert

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Changes in striatal dopamine release, sleep, and behavior during spontaneous Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol abstinence in male and female mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Lara N CoughlinAddiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6234-0850
Mark A IlgenAddiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, USA.
Mary JannauschAddiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, USA.
Maureen A WaltonAddiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, USA.
Kipling M BohnertDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, Michigan, MI, USA.
University of Michigan · USMichigan State University · US

Funding

MULTIDISCIPLINARY ALCOHOLISM RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAMT32AA007477 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Maureen A. Walton · 1990 to 2026
$7.4M
Medical marijuana: Longitudinal trajectories in use, pain and functioningR01DA033397 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ILGEN, MARK A. · 2013 to 2016
$2.2M
Optimizing mobile behavioral economic interventions for rural risky drinkersK23AA028232 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI COUGHLIN, LARA NICOLE · 2020 to 2024
$983k
HSRD VA IK6 HX002841NIAAA NIH HHS K23 AA028232NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA007477NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA033397
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsResearch from cohorts of individuals with recreational cannabis use indicates that cannabis withdrawal symptoms are reported by more than 40% of those using regularly. Withdrawal symptoms are not well understood in those who use cannabis for medical purposes. Therefore, we prospectively examined the stability of withdrawal symptoms in individuals using cannabis to manage chronic pain. DESIGN, SETTING,

participantsUsing latent class analysis (LCA) we examined baseline cannabis withdrawal to derive symptom profiles. Then, using latent transition analysis (LTA) we examined the longitudinal course of withdrawal symptoms across the time points. Exploratory analyses examined demographic and clinical characteristics predictive of withdrawal class and transitioning to more or fewer withdrawal symptoms over time. A cohort of 527 adults with chronic pain seeking medical cannabis certification or re-certification was recruited between February 2014 and June 2015. Participants were recruited from medical cannabis clinic waiting rooms in Michigan, USA. Participants were predominantly white (82%) and 49% identified as male, with an average age of 45.6 years (standard deviation = 12.8). MEASUREMENTS: Baseline, 12-month and 24-month assessments of withdrawal symptoms using the Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist-revised.

findingsA three-class LCA model including a mild (41%), moderate (34%) and severe (25%) symptom class parsimoniously represented withdrawal symptoms experienced by people using medical cannabis. Stability of withdrawal symptoms using a three-class LTA at 12 and 24 months ranged from 0.58 to 0.87, with the most stability in the mild withdrawal class. Younger age predicted greater severity and worsening of withdrawal over time.

conclusionsAdults with chronic pain seeking medical cannabis certification or re-certification appear to experience mild to severe withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms tend to be stable over a 2-year period, but younger age is predictive of worse symptoms and of an escalating withdrawal trajectory.

Indexed as

CannabisChronic PainHallucinogensMedical MarijuanaSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeAdultHumansMiddle AgedHallucinogensMedical Marijuanacannabis, medical cannabisCannabis use disordercohortmarijuanawithdrawal

Identifiers

PMID33400332
PMCPMC8363170
OpenAlexW3119937843

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.