SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Risk Factors for Lower Limb Injury in Female Team Field and Court Sports: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Best Evidence Synthesis.
Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of injury prevention programmes in female team sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis of hierarchical injury outcomes, training dose-response relationships, and adherence.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Influence of Neuromuscular Training Interventions on Jump-Landing Biomechanics and Implications for ACL Injuries in Youth Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Depression and Anxiety in Voluntarily Unemployed People: A Systematic Review.La Medicina del lavoro · 2024Pooled it
- Injury Prevention Programmes Fail to Change Most Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics in Female Team Field and Court Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Can Field-Based Screening Predict ACL Injury Risk in Women Footballers? External Validation of a Prediction Model.Sports health · 2026Article
- Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Interrelationships of Lower-Extremity Screening Measures in College Athletes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Physiological and Psychological Predictors of Functional Performance Related to Injury Risk in Female Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Foot and Ankle Sports Injury Rates in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 25,687,866 Athlete Exposures.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Web-based survey on injuries among ultimate frisbee athletes in Japanese college sports: sex differences in injury location and onset.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- ACL Injury Etiology in Its Context: A Systems Thinking, Group Model Building Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Proprioceptive Reweighting and Postural Control are Impaired Among Elite Athletes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2024Article
- Effects of Exercise-Induced Neuromuscular Fatigue on Jump Performance and Lower-Limb Asymmetries in Youth Female Team Sport Athletes.Journal of human kinetics · 2023Article
- Demographic Factors and Instantaneous Lower Extremity Injury Occurrence in a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Population.Journal of athletic training · 2023Article
- [Progress in evaluation of return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2023Article
- A causal relationship between childhood obesity and risk of osteoarthritis: results from a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- Sex-Specific Changes in Physical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury by Chronological Age and Stages of Growth and Maturation From 8 to 18 Years of Age.Journal of athletic training · 2022Article
- Establishing Normative Dynamic Postural Control Values in Elite Female Handball Players.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2022Article
- Effects of posture and lower limb muscle strength on the results of the Star Excursion Balance Test.Journal of physical therapy science · 2021Article
- Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIdentifying risk factors for lower limb injury is an important step in developing injury risk reduction training and testing for player monitoring. Female athletes are distinct from male athletes, warranting separate investigation into risk factors.
objectiveTo systematically review the literature and synthesise the evidence for intrinsic risk factors for lower limb injury in female team field and court sports.
methodsFive online databases were searched from inception to April 2020. To be eligible for inclusion, studies were required to be a prospective study presenting intrinsic risk factors for lower limb injury in female team field or court sport athletes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality of Prognosis Studies tool.
resultsSixty-nine studies, capturing 2902 lower limb injuries in 14,492 female athletes, and analysing 80 distinct factors met the inclusion criteria. Risk factors for any lower limb injury included greater body mass (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.18-0.29), greater body mass index (BMI) (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-040), older age (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.31), greater star excursion balance test (SEBT) anterior reach distance (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI 0.12-0.24), and smaller single-leg hop distance (SMD = - 0.09, 95% CI - 0.12 to - 0.06). Lower knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) increased the risk of knee injury. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors included prior ACL injury (odds ratio [OR] = 3.94, 95% CI 2.07-7.50), greater double-leg postural sway (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI 0.02-1.15), and greater body mass (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.12-0.39). Ankle injury risk factors included smaller SEBT anterior reach distance (SMD = - 0.13, 95% CI - 0.14 to - 0.13), greater single-leg hop distance asymmetry (OR = 3.67, 95% CI 1.42-9.45), and slower agility course time (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.88). Remaining factors were not associated with injury or had conflicting evidence.
conclusionPrior injury, older age, greater body mass, and greater BMI are risk factors for lower limb injury in female athletes. Limited evidence showed an association between KOOS, SEBT anterior reach, single-leg hop distance and asymmetry, double-leg postural sway, agility, and lower limb injury. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020171973.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.