ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2021
History and Perspectives of Ion-Transporting Rhodopsins.
Review in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sugar-sensing swodkoreceptors and swodkocrine signaling.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- The Evolutionary Kaleidoscope of Rhodopsins.mSystems · 2022Article
- Ion Channels and Transporters as Therapeutic Agents: From Biomolecules to Supramolecular Medicinal Chemistry.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Bioluminescence and Photoreception in Unicellular Organisms: Light-Signalling in a Bio-Communication Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
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1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
The first light-sensing proteins used in optogenetics were rhodopsins. The word "rhodopsin" originates from the Greek words "rhodo" and "opsis," indicating rose and sight, respectively. Although the classical meaning of rhodopsin is the red-colored pigment in our eyes, the modern meaning of rhodopsin encompasses photoactive proteins containing a retinal chromophore in animals and microbes. Animal and microbial rhodopsins possess 11-cis and all-trans retinal, respectively, to capture light in seven transmembrane α-helices, and photoisomerizations into all-trans and 13-cis forms, respectively, initiate each function. We are able to find ion-transporting proteins in microbial rhodopsins, such as light-gated channels and light-driven pumps, which are the main tools in optogenetics. In this chapter, historical aspects and molecular properties of rhodopsins are introduced. In the first part, "what is rhodopsin?", general introduction of rhodopsin is presented. Then, molecular mechanism of bacteriorodopsin, a light-driven proton pump and the best-studied microbial rhodopsin, is described. In the section of channelrhodopsin, the light-gated ion channel, molecular properties, and several variants are introduced. As the history has proven, understanding the molecular mechanism of microbial rhodopsins is a prerequisite for useful functional design of optogenetics tools in future.
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