Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33398255›Full record

ArticleWater research X2021

Early-pandemic wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Southern Nevada: Methodology, occurrence, and incidence/prevalence considerations.

Daniel Gerrity, Katerina Papp, Mitchell Stoker, Alan Sims, Wilbur Frehner

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Water research X, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
119citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

119 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. The potential of long-term wastewater-based surveillance to predict COVID-19 waves peak in Mexico.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2025
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59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Daniel GerritySouthern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV, 89193, USA.
Katerina PappSouthern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV, 89193, USA.
Mitchell StokerSouthern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV, 89193, USA.
Alan SimsSouthern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV, 89193, USA.
Wilbur FrehnerSouthern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV, 89193, USA.
Southern Nevada Water Authority · USUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas · US

Funding

Outreach/Diversity/Pipeline ProjectP20GM103440 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO · PI Eduardo A Robleto · 2012 to 2026
$58.0M
NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103440
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) classified COVID-19 as a global pandemic, with the situation ultimately requiring unprecedented measures to mitigate the effects on public health and the global economy. Although SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for COVID-19) is primarily respiratory in nature, multiple studies confirmed its genetic material could be detected in the feces of infected individuals, thereby highlighting sewage as a potential indicator of community incidence or prevalence. Numerous wastewater surveillance studies subsequently confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and wastewater-associated solids/sludge. However, the methods employed in early studies vary widely so it is unclear whether differences in reported concentrations reflect true differences in epidemiological conditions, or are instead driven by methodological artifacts. The current study aimed to compare the performance of virus recovery and detection methods, detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in two Southern Nevada sewersheds from March-May 2020, and better understand the potential link between COVID-19 incidence/prevalence and wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. SARS-CoV-2 surrogate recovery (0.34%-55%) and equivalent sample volume (0.1 mL-1 L) differed between methods and target water matrices, ultimately impacting method sensitivity and reported concentrations. Composite sampling of influent and primary effluent resulted in a ∼10-fold increase in concentration relative to corresponding grab primary effluent samples, presumably highlighting diurnal variability in SARS-CoV-2 signal. Detection and quantification of four SARS-CoV-2 genetic markers (up to ∼10

Indexed as

COVID-19IncidencePrevalenceSARS-CoV-2SewageWastewater surveillance

Identifiers

PMID33398255
PMCPMC7774458
OpenAlexW3114201463

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.