Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33398088›Full record

ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021

Deficient LEF1 expression is associated with lithium resistance and hyperexcitability in neurons derived from bipolar disorder patients.

Renata Santos, Sara B Linker, Shani Stern, Ana P D Mendes, Maxim N Shokhirev, Galina Erikson, Lynne Randolph-Moore, Vipula Racha, Yeni Kim, John R Kelsoe and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
10.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Integrative multi-omics identifiesPsychological medicine · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The Mechanisms of Lithium Action: The Old and New Findings.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Single-cell genomics and regulatory networks for 388 human brains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.

Renata Santos *Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. renata.santos@inserm.fr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3085-5128
Sara B Linker *Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6653-1715
Shani Stern *Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Ana P D MendesLaboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Maxim N ShokhirevThe Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core (IGC), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Galina EriksonThe Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core (IGC), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Lynne Randolph-MooreLaboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Vipula RachaLaboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Yeni KimLaboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
John R KelsoeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3013-2333
Anne G BangConrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
M AldaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9544-3944
Maria C MarchettoLaboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. mcmarchetto@ucsd.edu.
Fred H GageLaboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. gage@salk.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-4106
Salk Institute for Biological Studies · USDalhousie University · CASanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute · USUniversity of California San Diego · US

Funding

Viral Vector Core (VVC)P30CA014195 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI Ye Zheng · 1985 to 2026
$82.8M
Role of CACNA1C - a shared risk gene in neuropsychiatric disordersU19MH106434 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI O'SHEA, K SUE SUE · 2016 to 2020
$13.8M
The Enhancer Code of AD-A Genetic ApproachR01AG056511 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GLASS, CHRISTOPHER K, ROSENFELD, MICHAEL G · 2018 to 2022
$5.3M
Assessing cellular aging in old and rejuvenated neurons from Alzheimer patientsR01AG056306 · NIA · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI GAGE, FRED H · 2017 to 2021
$2.4M
C ELEGANS LIFE SPAN--DAUER AND DROSOPHILA MRNA MARKERSF32AG005651 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS MED SCIS LTL ROCK · PI THADEN, JOHN J · 1994 to 1995
–
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014195NIA NIH HHS F32 AG005651NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056511NIMH NIH HHS U19 MH106434
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by depressive and manic episodes that affect 2% of the world population. The first-line long-term treatment for mood stabilization is lithium (Li). Induced pluripotent stem cell modeling of BD using hippocampal dentate gyrus-like neurons derived from Li-responsive (LR) and Li-non-responsive (NR) patients previously showed neuronal hyperexcitability. Li treatment reversed hyperexcitability only on the LR neurons. In this study we searched for specific targets of Li resistance in NR neurons and found that the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was severely affected, with a significant decrease in expression of LEF1. Li targets the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting GSK-3β and releasing β-catenin that forms a nuclear complex with TCF/LEF1, activating the Wnt/β-catenin transcription program. Therefore, we propose that downregulation of LEF1 may account for Li resistance in NR neurons. Our results show that valproic acid (VPA), a drug used to treat NR patients that also acts downstream of GSK-3β, upregulated LEF1 and Wnt/β-catenin gene targets, increased transcriptional activity of complex β-catenin/TCF/LEF1, and reduced excitability in NR neurons. In addition, decreasing LEF1 expression in control neurons using shLEF1 caused hyperexcitability, confirming that the impact of VPA on excitability in NR neurons was connected to changes in LEF1 and in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our results suggest that LEF1 may be a useful target for the discovery of new drugs for BD treatment.

Indexed as

Bipolar DisorderLithiumbeta CateninGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3 betaHumansLymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1NeuronsWnt Signaling Pathwaybeta CateninGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3 betaLEF1 protein, humanLithiumLymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1

Identifiers

PMID33398088
PMCPMC9129103
OpenAlexW3118693453

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.