ArticleNature communications2021
Structural multi-colour invisible inks with submicron 4D printing of shape memory polymers.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enabling Scalable Nanoscale 3D Printing via Laser-Driven Termination.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Two-Photon 3D Printing of Functional Microstructures Inside Living Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Advances in Strategies for Colloidal Self-Assembly.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- 4D printing through vat photopolymerization of two-stage UV-curable liquid crystal elastomers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Advanced Design Concepts for Shape-Memory Polymers in Biomedical Applications and Soft Robotics.Polymers · 2026Review
- Buprestidae metamorphosis-inspired stiffening photonic elastomers for shape-color integrated memory and information encryption.Nature communications · 2025Article
- General-purpose mechanical computing enabled by origami circuit reconfiguration with robotic addressing and activation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Present and future of smart functional materials as actuators in microfluidic devices.Lab on a chip · 2025Review
- Inverse design of structural colours in polymeric films with crystallization-induced reversible thermochromism.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Fabrication of functional micro-nano structures using phase holographically modulated femtosecond laser technology: a review.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- From Single to Multi-Material 3D Printing of Glass-Ceramics for Micro-Optics.Small methods · 2025Review
- Engineering multifunctional surface topography to regulate multiple biological responses.Biomaterials · 2025Review
- Nanoscale 3D printing of glass photonic crystals with near-unity reflectance in the visible spectrum.Science advances · 2025Article
- Patterning silver nanowire network via the Gibbs-Thomson effect.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Article
- Printing of 3D photonic crystals in titania with complete bandgap across the visible spectrum.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- Review
- Femtosecond laser direct nanolithography of perovskite hydration for temporally programmable holograms.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Reconfigurable 4D printing via mechanically robust covalent adaptable network shape memory polymer.Science advances · 2024Article
- Roadmap for Optical Metasurfaces.ACS photonics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymer (SMP) imparts time responsive properties to 3D structures. Here, we explore 4D printing of a SMP in the submicron length scale, extending its applications to nanophononics. We report a new SMP photoresist based on Vero Clear achieving print features at a resolution of ~300 nm half pitch using two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL). Prints consisting of grids with size-tunable multi-colours enabled the study of shape memory effects to achieve large visual shifts through nanoscale structure deformation. As the nanostructures are flattened, the colours and printed information become invisible. Remarkably, the shape memory effect recovers the original surface morphology of the nanostructures along with its structural colour within seconds of heating above its glass transition temperature. The high-resolution printing and excellent reversibility in both microtopography and optical properties promises a platform for temperature-sensitive labels, information hiding for anti-counterfeiting, and tunable photonic devices.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.