ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2021
Risk factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 in 3125 counties of the United States.
Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A composite ranking of risk factors for COVID-19 time-to-event data from a Turkish cohort.Computational biology and chemistry · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of pharmacological interventions on mortality and the average length of hospital stay of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Association Between Ethnicity and Severe COVID-19 Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Pooled it
- COVINet: a deep learning-based and interpretable prediction model for the county-wise trajectories of COVID-19 in the United States.Journal of applied statistics · 2025Article
- Association between ventilatory ratio and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID 19: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Observational
- Better data for decision-making through Bayesian imputation of suppressed provisional COVID-19 death counts.PloS one · 2023Article
- Bayesian profile regression to study the ecologic associations of correlated environmental exposures with excess mortality risk during the first year of the Covid-19 epidemic in lombardy, Italy.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Age-specific SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rates derived from serological data vary with income and income inequality.PloS one · 2023Article
- California's Comprehensive Perinatal Services Program and birth outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Statistical analysis supports UTR (untranslated region) deletion theory in SARS-CoV-2.Virulence · 2022Article
- Impact of good governance, economic growth and universal health coverage on COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates in Africa.Health research policy and systems · 2022Article
- Sociodemographic and Psychological Variables and Concerns Related to COVID-19 Vaccination among Polish Citizens.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Spatial Risk Factors for Pillar 1 COVID-19 Excess Cases and Mortality in Rural Eastern England, UK.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Agricultural Workers: A Descriptive Study.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Mortality in Europe, by Latitude and Obesity Status: A Geo-Spatial Analysis in 40 Countries.Nutrients · 2022Article
- County-level societal predictors of COVID-19 cases and deaths changed through time in the United States: A longitudinal ecological study.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Long-term exposure to PMEnvironment international · 2022Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposure prophylaxis: A potential COVID-19 preventive strategy for high-risk populations, including healthcare workers, immunodeficient individuals, and poor vaccine responders.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- Incidence of Death and Its Predictors of COVID-19 in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow Up Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- COVID-19 in the U.S. during pre-vaccination period: Shifting impact of sociodemographic factors and air pollution.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2022Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe number of cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States has risen sharply since March 2020. A county health ranking and roadmaps program has been established to identify factors associated with disparity in mobility and mortality of COVID-19 in all counties in the United States. The risk factors associated with county-level mortality of COVID-19 with various levels of prevalence are not well understood.
methodsUsing the data obtained from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps program, this study applied a negative binomial design to the county-level mortality counts of COVID-19 as of August 27, 2020 in the United States. In this design, the infected counties were categorized into three levels of infections using clustering analysis based on time-varying cumulative confirmed cases from March 1 to August 27, 2020. COVID-19 patients were not analyzed individually but were aggregated at the county-level, where the county-level deaths of COVID-19 confirmed by the local health agencies. Clustering analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in our statistical analysis.
resultsA total of 3125 infected counties were assigned into three classes corresponding to low, median, and high prevalence levels of infection. Several risk factors were significantly associated with the mortality counts of COVID-19, where higher level of air pollution (0.153, P < 0.001) increased the mortality in the low prevalence counties and elder individuals were more vulnerable in both the median (0.049, P < 0.001) and high (0.114, P < 0.001) prevalence counties. The segregation between non-Whites and Whites (low: 0.015, P < 0.001; median:0.025, P < 0.001; high: 0.019, P = 0.005) and higher Hispanic population (low and median: 0.020, P < 0.001; high: 0.014, P = 0.009) had higher likelihood of risk of the deaths in all infected counties.
conclusionsThe mortality of COVID-19 depended on sex, race/ethnicity, and outdoor environment. The increasing awareness of the impact of these significant factors may help decision makers, the public health officials, and the general public better control the risk of pandemic, particularly in the reduction in the mortality of COVID-19.
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