ArticleBMC public health2021
Trends in national and subnational wealth related inequalities in use of maternal health care services in Nepal: an analysis using demographic and health surveys (2001-2016).
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends and inequities in antenatal care use in South and Southeast Asia, 1987-2022: evidence from demographic and health surveys.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Measuring global human accessibility to essential daily necessities and services.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Inequality in Utilization of Maternal Healthcare Services in Low‑ and Middle‑Income Countries: A Scoping Review of the Literature.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Inequalities in antenatal care service utilization in Nepal: evidence from nationally representative Nepal multiple indictor cluster surveys 2014 and 2019.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of caesarean section delivery: analysis from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Spatial profiling of geographical accessibility to maternal healthcare and coverage of maternal health service utilisation in Nepal: a geospatial analysis based on demographic and health survey.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessment of maternal healthcare services among the women of reproductive age in the rural municipality of Nepal: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Bridging the nutrition divide: understanding poverty-linked inequalities in under-five children health in Pakistan.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic and education-based inequality in suspected developmental delays among Nepalese children: a subnational level assessment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Factors associated with underutilization of antenatal care in India: Results from 2019-2021 National Family Health Survey.PloS one · 2023Article
- Investigating Health Inequality Using Trend, Decomposition and Spatial Analyses: A Study of Maternal Health Service Use in Nepal.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Factors associated with access to sexual and reproductive health services among women with disabilities in Nepal.Dialogues in health · 2022Article
- Factors associated with health facility delivery among reproductive age women in Nepal: an analysis of Nepal multiple indicator cluster survey 2019.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Poor and non-poor gap in under-five child nutrition: a case from Nepal using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition approach.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic and demographic correlates of child nutritional status in Nepal: an investigation of heterogeneous effects using quantile regression.Globalization and health · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMaternal health affects the lives of many women and children globally every year and it is one of the high priority programs of the Government of Nepal (GoN). Different evidence articulate that the equity gap in accessing and using maternal health services at national level is decreasing over 2001-2016. This study aimed to assess whether the equity gap in using maternal health services is also decreasing at subnational level over this period given the geography of Nepal has already been identified as one of the predictors of accessibility and utilization of maternal health services.
methodsThe study used wealth index scores for each household and calculated the concentration curves and indexes in their relative formulation, with no corrections. Concentration curve was used to identify whether socioeconomic inequality in maternity services exists and whether it was more pronounced at one point in time than another or in one province than another. The changes between 2001 and 2016 were also disaggregated across the provinces. Test of significance of changes in Concentration Index was performed by calculating pooled standard errors. We used R software for statistical analysis.
resultsThe study observed a progressive and statistically significant decrease in concentration index for at least four antenatal care (ANC) visit and institutional delivery at national level over 2001-2016. The changes were not statistically significant for Cesarean Section delivery. Regarding inequality in four-ANC all provinces except Karnali showed significant decreases at least between 2011 and 2016. Similarly, all provinces, except Karnali, showed a statistically significant decrease in concentration index for institutional delivery between 2011 and 2016.
conclusionDespite appreciable progress at national level, the study found that the progress in reducing equity gap in use of maternal health services is not uniform across seven provinces. Tailored investment to address barriers in utilization of maternal health services across provinces is urgent to make further progress in achieving equitable distribution in use of maternal health services. There is an opportunity now that the country is federalized, and provincial governments can make a need-based improvement by addressing specific barriers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.