Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33397334›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

Tuberculosis-related stigma and its determinants in Dalian, Northeast China: a cross-sectional study.

Xu Chen, Liang Du, Ruiheng Wu, Jia Xu, Haoqiang Ji, Yu Zhang, Xuexue Zhu, Ling Zhou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  14. The effects of stigma and social support on the health-related quality of life of people with drug resistance tuberculosis in Lagos, Nigeria.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
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  18. An adapted scale to measure perceived TB and HIV stigma during household contact investigation.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xu ChenSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044.
Liang DuSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044.
Ruiheng WuSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044.
Jia XuSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044.
Haoqiang JiSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044.
Yu ZhangSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044.
Xuexue ZhuSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044.
Ling ZhouSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044. zhouling0609@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe stigma of tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant challenge to TB control because it leads to delayed diagnosis and non-adherence. However, few studies on TB-related stigma have been completed in China. The aim of the current study was to explore the status of TB-related stigma and its associated predictive factors among TB patients in Dalian, Northeast China.

methodsAn institution-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted among outpatients at Dalian Tuberculosis Hospital in Liaoning Province, Northeast China. Data were collected by using a questionnaire that measured TB-related stigma, treatment status, anxiety, social support, doctor-patient communication and so on. A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of TB-related stigma.

resultsA total of 601 eligible participants were recruited. The mean score for TB-related stigma was 9.07, and the median score was 10. The average scores for anxiety, social support and doctor-patient communication were 4.03, 25.41 and 17.17, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that patients who were female (β = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.38-2.01, P < 0.05), had self-assessed moderate or severe disease (β = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.12-2.03 and β = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.03-2.70, respectively, P < 0.05), and had anxiety (β = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.30-0.46, P < 0.001) were more likely to have a greater level of TB-related stigma than their counterparts. However, a significantly lower level of TB-related stigma was observed in patients with good social support (β = - 0.25, 95% CI: - 0.33--0.17, P < 0.001) and doctor-patient communication (β = - 0.14, 95% CI: - 0.29--0.00, P < 0.05).

conclusionsThis study showed that stigma among TB patients was high. Targeted attention should be paid to female patients and patients with moderate or severe disease in TB stigma-related interventions. Moreover, the important role of social support and doctor-patient communication in reducing TB-related stigma should also be emphasized.

Indexed as

Social StigmaTuberculosisChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleSocial SupportSurveys and QuestionnairesAssociated factorsChinaStigmaTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID33397334
PMCPMC7780403

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.