ReviewJournal of neurodevelopmental disorders2021
Controlling litter effects to enhance rigor and reproducibility with rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Review in Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The who, how and what of educational outcome research for autistic students published in the last decade: A systematic quantitative literature review.The British journal of educational psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Oral iron-induced stunting is associated with increased Christensenella abundance in a piglet model for human infants.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Placental Lesions in CD-1 Mouse Placenta Following Gestational Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) or Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (HFPO-DA or GenX).Toxicologic pathology · 2026Article
- Article
- A "personality test" for rats reveals subtle but distinct effects of sex and early life inflammation on brain and behavior.Behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- The protocadherin-15-LHFPL5 tip link complex is a heterotetrameric assembly in hair cell stereocilia.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Experimental Designs for Preclinical Neuroscience Experiments: Part 2-Blocking and Blocked Designs.eNeuro · 2026Review
- Cumulative environmental exposures adversely impact social behaviour and are associated with dysregulation of genes and proteins involved in epigenetic, ribosomal, and immune regulation in male mice.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Maternal monosaccharide diets modulate melanocortin-4 receptor signaling and metabolic state in rat offspring.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Gestational hypothyroxinemia causes an inflammatory environment at maternal-fetal tissues and fetal brain with impaired hippocampal dendritic spine maturation in the offspring.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Vascularization of neonatal liver lobules presages adult liver size.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Identifying environmental chemicals impacting neurodevelopment using a random mixture-based screening approach.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Maternal oxytocin administration mitigates nociceptive, social, and epigenetic impairments in adolescent offspring exposed to perinatal trauma.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Rearing in a Shelved Environment Chronically Modifies Offspring Behaviour and Physiology.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Fish Oil Supplementation Attenuates Offspring's Neurodevelopmental Changes Induced by a Maternal High-Fat Diet in a Rat Model.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Review
- Disruption of tryptophan metabolism by high-fat diet-triggered maternal immune activation promotes social behavioral deficits in male mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Impact of Prenatal Dietary Soy on Cerebellar Neurodevelopment and Function in Experimental Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Comparison of Gut Microbiota in Two Different Maternal Exposure Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Research with rodents is crucial for expanding our understanding of genetic and environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). However, there is growing concern about the number of animal studies that are difficult to replicate, potentially undermining the validity of results. These concerns have prompted funding agencies and academic journals to implement more rigorous standards in an effort to increase reproducibility in research. However, these standards fail to address a major source of variability in rodent research brought on by the "litter effect," the fact that rodents from the same litter are phenotypically more similar to one other than rodents from different litters of the same strain. We show that the litter effect accounts for 30-60% of the variability associated with commonly studied phenotypes, including brain, placenta, and body weight. Moreover, we show how failure to control for litter-to-litter variation can mask a phenotype in Chd8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.