ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2021
Subjective Responses to Alcohol in the Development and Maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorder.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00961792 (Individual Differences After Consumption of Alcohol and Other Common Substances and Long-Term Follow-Up of Social Drinking, Young Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 97 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Individual Differences After Consumption of Alcohol and Other Common Substances and Long-Term Follow-Up of Social Drinking, Young Adults
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reward Processing in Binge Eating and Harmful Drinking: A Systematic Review.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review with meta-analysis on the relation between acute stress, alcohol consumption and cortisol levels in individuals with a personal, familial or no alcohol use disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Are medication effects on subjective response to alcohol and cue-induced craving associated? A meta regression study.Psychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Animal studies reveal that the ghrelin pathway regulates alcohol-mediated responses.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of alcohol priming on craving and motivation to drink: a meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Pooled it
- A meta-regression of methodological features that predict the effects of medications on the subjective response to alcohol.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Pooled it
- An Overview of Appetite-Regulatory Peptides in Addiction Processes; From Bench to Bed Side.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of acute alcohol administration on endocannabinoids and relation to subjective effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Aversion-resistant alcohol seeking in the human laboratory.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Trial
- Across the spectrum: Acute alcohol responses in young adults with mild, moderate, and severe alcohol use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Ventral prefrontal network response to alcohol in young adults with bipolar disorder: a within-subject randomized placebo-controlled alcohol administration study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Stimulant-like subjective effects of alcohol are not related to resting-state connectivity in healthy men.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Trial
- Subjective response to alcohol: Interactive effects of early life stress, parental risk for mood and substance use disorders, and drinking context.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Trial
- Subjective response to alcohol in young adults with bipolar disorder and recent alcohol use: a within-subject randomized placebo-controlled alcohol administration study.Psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Differential effects of UPPS-P impulsivity on subjective alcohol response and craving: An experimental test of acquired preparedness.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- The effect of neuroimmune modulation on subjective response to alcohol in the natural environment.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Trial
- Neural correlates of inhibitory control are associated with stimulant-like effects of alcohol.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Alcohol subjective responses in heavy drinkers: Measuring acute effects in the natural environment versus the controlled laboratory setting.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Trial
- Expectations versus reality: Associations among anticipated, natural environment, and laboratory-derived alcohol stimulation, sedation, and reward.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Initial Drug Sensitivity and Vulnerability to Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Individual Influences.Biology · 2026Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAlcohol use disorder (AUD) remains an urgent public health problem. Longitudinal data are needed to clarify the role of acute subjective responses to alcohol in the development and maintenance of excessive drinking and AUD. The authors report on 10 years of repeated examination of acute alcohol responses in the Chicago Social Drinking Project.
methodsYoung adult drinkers (N=190) participated in an initial alcohol challenge (0.8 g/kg of alcohol compared with placebo) that was repeated 5 and 10 years later. They were also assessed on drinking behavior and AUD symptoms at numerous intervals across the decade. Retention was high, as 184 of the 185 (99%) nondeceased active participants completed the 10-year follow-up, and 91% (163 of 179) of those eligible for alcohol consumption engaged in repeated laboratory testing during this interval.
resultsAt the end of the decade, 21% of participants met criteria for past-year AUD. Individuals who reported the greatest alcohol stimulation, liking, and wanting at the initial alcohol challenge were most likely to have developed AUD 10 years later. Further, alcohol-induced stimulation and wanting increased in reexamination testing among those with the highest AUD symptoms as the decade progressed.
conclusionsInitial stimulant and rewarding effects of alcohol predicted heavy alcohol use, and the magnitude of these positive subjective effects increased over a 10-year period in those who developed AUD compared with those who did not develop the disorder. The findings demonstrate systematic changes in subjective responses to alcohol over time, providing an empirical basis for prevention, early intervention, and treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.