ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Expression of Opioid Receptors in Cells of the Immune System.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Opioid Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Targets for Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Modulation of immune responses by opioids through toll-like and P2X receptor signaling in COVID-19.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Hypermethylation of OPRM1: Deregulation of the Endogenous Opioid Pathway in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Animal Models of Prenatal Opioid Exposure: Insights into Impaired Neurodevelopment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Astrocytes and Microglia Regulate Opioid Receptor-Driven Cancer Brain Metastasis and Neural Injury: Remodeling the Brain Microenvironment.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- The delta-opioid receptor: a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Medications for opioid use disorder shape immune responses during chronic HIV infection.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammatory and Immunological Aspects of Fibromyalgia.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Morphine treatment restricts response to immunotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Immune Competence and Pain: A Narrative Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Infection in Fibromyalgia: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neutrophils and Anesthetic Drugs: Implications in Onco-Anesthesia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cytokines in hepatitis C-infected patients with or without opioid maintenance therapy.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2024Article
- The psychophysiology of music-based interventions and the experience of pain.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Review
- Effect of repeated intraperitoneal injections of different concentrations of oxycodone on immune function in mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Pain Biomarkers in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Current Understanding and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Synthetic Opioid Fentanyl Increases HIV Replication and Chemokine Co-Receptor Expression in Lymphocyte Cell Lines.Viruses · 2023Article
- An Observational Study on Chronic Pain Biomarkers in Fibromyalgia and Osteoarthritis Patients: Which Role for Mu Opioid Receptor's Expression on NK Cells?Biomedicines · 2023Article
- A Closer Look at Opioid-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The observation of the immunomodulatory effects of opioid drugs opened the discussion about possible mechanisms of action and led researchers to consider the presence of opioid receptors (OR) in cells of the immune system. To date, numerous studies analyzing the expression of OR subtypes in animal and human immune cells have been performed. Some of them confirmed the expression of OR at both the mRNA and protein level, while others did not detect the receptor mRNA either. Although this topic remains controversial, further studies are constantly being published. The most recent articles suggested that the expression level of OR in human peripheral blood lymphocytes could help to evaluate the success of methadone maintenance therapy in former opioid addicts, or could serve as a biomarker for chronic pain diagnosis. However, the applicability of these findings to clinical practice needs to be verified by further investigations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.