ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Nanomedicine Reformulation of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Lysosomes for Enhanced Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Immune Response.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on bone health (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Current Trends in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria: A Review.Current drug delivery · 2025Review
- Liposomal Formulation of Hydroxychloroquine Can Inhibit Autophagy In Vivo.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Recent Updates on Interaction Studies and Drug Delivery of Antimalarials with Serum Albumin Proteins.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Targeting cellular mitophagy as a strategy for human cancers.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Special Issue "Nanotechnology to Overcome the World's Most Critical Health Issues: Liposomes and Beyond-A Themed Issue Dedicated to Professor Yechezkel Barenholz".Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Electrochemical sensor based on a ZnO-doped graphitized carbon for the electrocatalytic detection of the antibiotic hydroxychloroquine. Application: tap water and human urine.Journal of applied electrochemistry · 2023Article
- Additively manufactured electrodes for the electrochemical detection of hydroxychloroquine.Talanta · 2022Article
- Pulmonary Delivery of Hydroxychloroquine Nanostructured Lipid Carrier as a Potential Treatment of COVID-19.Polymers · 2022Article
- How to exploit different endocytosis pathways to allow selective delivery of anticancer drugs to cancer cells over healthy cells.Chemical science · 2021Article
- Combination Chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Chloroquine: Effect of Encapsulation in Micelles Formed by Self-Assembling Hybrid Dendritic-Linear-Dendritic Block Copolymers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The chloroquine family of antimalarials has a long history of use, spanning many decades. Despite this extensive clinical experience, novel applications, including use in autoimmune disorders, infectious disease, and cancer, have only recently been identified. While short term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is safe at traditional therapeutic doses in patients without predisposing conditions, administration of higher doses and for longer durations are associated with toxicity, including retinotoxicity. Additional liabilities of these medications include pharmacokinetic profiles that require extended dosing to achieve therapeutic tissue concentrations. To improve chloroquine therapy, researchers have turned toward nanomedicine reformulation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to increase exposure of target tissues relative to off-target tissues, thereby improving the therapeutic index. This review highlights these reformulation efforts to date, identifying issues in experimental designs leading to ambiguity regarding the nanoformulation improvements and lack of thorough pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation. Gaps in our current understanding of these formulations, as well as recommendations for future formulation efforts, are presented.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.