Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33395994›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage. Clinical2020

MRS suggests multi-regional inflammation and white matter axonal damage at 11 years following perinatal HIV infection.

Amy S Graham, Martha J Holmes, Francesca Little, Els Dobbels, Mark F Cotton, Barbara Laughton, Andre van der Kouwe, Ernesta M Meintjes, Frances C Robertson

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Amy S GrahamBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: grhamy001@myuct.ac.za.
Martha J HolmesBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Francesca LittleDepartment of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Els DobbelsFamily Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Mark F CottonFamily Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Barbara LaughtonFamily Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Andre van der KouweBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; A.A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Ernesta M MeintjesBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Frances C RobertsonBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
University of Cape Town · ZAStellenbosch University · ZAHarvard University · US

Funding

Extension of a longitudinal cognitive and brain imaging study of early-treated perinatally HIV infected children through adolescenceR01HD099846 · NICHD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LAUGHTON, BARBARA, MEINTJES, ERNESTA MARIA · 2019 to 2023
$2.7M
Longitudinal Neuroimaging and Cognitive Study of HIV-Infected ChildrenR01HD071664 · NICHD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LAUGHTON, BARBARA, MEINTJES, ERNESTA MARIA · 2011 to 2015
$2.4M
The Association of Perinatal HIV Infection and Hearing Loss in Children of Cape Town, South AfricaR01DC015984 · NIDCD · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI TORRE, PETER · 2017 to 2021
$1.9M
Longitudinal, multimodal analysis of HIV and ART effects on brain metabolism, structure and connectivity in young childrenR21MH108346 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI BISWAL, BHARAT BHUSAN, MEINTJES, ERNESTA MARIA · 2015 to 2016
$298k
Technology development and neuroimaging for 5 year old children with HIV infectioR21MH096559 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LAUGHTON, BARBARA, MEINTJES, ERNESTA MARIA · 2011 to 2012
$287k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD071664NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD099846NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC015984NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH096559NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH108346
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The neurological changes in children living with perinatal HIV (PHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can be studied at a metabolic level through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. While previous studies in children have largely focused on individual metabolite changes, investigating patterns within and across regions of interest can aid in identifying metabolic markers of HIV infection. In this study 76 children with PHIV from the Children with HIV Early AntiRetroviral (CHER) trial, 30 children who were HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) and 30 children who were HIV-unexposed (HU), were scanned at the age of 11.6 (sd = 0.3) years using a 3 T Skyra scanner. Metabolite concentrations were quantified within the basal ganglia (BG), midfrontal gray matter (MFGM) and peritrigonal white matter (PWM), comparing levels between HIV status groups using linear regression. Factor analysis and logistic regression were performed to identify metabolic patterns characteristic of HIV infection within and across the regions of interest. In the BG region we observed restored metabolic activity in children with PHIV and children who were HEU, despite differences being previously observed at younger ages, suggesting that treatment may effectively reduce the effects of HIV infection and exposure. Elevated MFGM choline levels in children with PHIV are indicative of inflammation. Further, we observed reduced N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in the PWM of children with PHIV and children who were HEU, indicating possible axonal damage. Lower levels of PWM creatine in children with PHIV suggest that this may not be a valid reference metabolite in HIV studies. Finally, factor scores for a cross-regional inflammatory factor and a PWM axonal factor, driven by PWM NAA and creatine levels, distinguished children with PHIV from children without HIV (HEU and HU) at 11 years. Therefore, the effects of perinatal HIV infection and exposure continue to be seen at 11 years despite early treatment.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsWhite MatterAnti-Retroviral AgentsAspartic AcidChildCreatineFemaleHumansInflammationPregnancyAnti-Retroviral AgentsAspartic AcidCreatineAntiretroviral therapyBasal gangliaHIVMidfrontal gray matterPeritrigonal white matterProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Identifiers

PMID33395994
PMCPMC7721646
OpenAlexW3101711066

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.