ArticlePLoS genetics2021
Immune fingerprinting through repertoire similarity.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Resolving SARS-CoV-2 CD4Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Clonal overlap and convergent clustering of T cell receptor signatures in Crohn's disease in monozygotic twins.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Article
- Challenges and future directions of AIRR-seq-based diagnostics.Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Predictability of B cell clonal persistence and immunosurveillance in breast cancer.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- The dengue-specific immune response and antibody identification with machine learning.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Inferring the T cell repertoire dynamics of healthy individuals.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Comparing T cell receptor repertoires using optimal transport.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Machine Learning Approaches to TCR Repertoire Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Individualized VDJ recombination predisposes the available Ig sequence space.Genome research · 2021Article
- Dual UMIs and Dual Barcodes With Minimal PCR Amplification Removes Artifacts and Acquires Accurate Antibody Repertoire.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune repertoires provide a unique fingerprint reflecting the immune history of individuals, with potential applications in precision medicine. However, the question of how personal that information is and how it can be used to identify individuals has not been explored. Here, we show that individuals can be uniquely identified from repertoires of just a few thousands lymphocytes. We present "Immprint," a classifier using an information-theoretic measure of repertoire similarity to distinguish pairs of repertoire samples coming from the same versus different individuals. Using published T-cell receptor repertoires and statistical modeling, we tested its ability to identify individuals with great accuracy, including identical twins, by computing false positive and false negative rates < 10-6 from samples composed of 10,000 T-cells. We verified through longitudinal datasets that the method is robust to acute infections and that the immune fingerprint is stable for at least three years. These results emphasize the private and personal nature of repertoire data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.