ArticlePsychological science2021
Dissociating Representations of Time and Number in Reinforcement-Rate Learning by Deletion of the GluA1 AMPA Receptor Subunit in Mice.
Article in Psychological science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bridging Computation and Representation in Associative Learning.Computational brain & behavior · 2025Article
- Probability and rate of reinforcement in negative prediction error learning.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2025Article
- Reinforcement rate and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory learning: Insights from deletion of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2022Article
- Comparative Severity Assessment of Genetic, Stress-Based, and Pharmacological Mouse Models of Depression.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Delay of reinforcement versus rate of reinforcement in Pavlovian conditioning.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Theories of learning differ in whether they assume that learning reflects the strength of an association between memories or symbolic encoding of the statistical properties of events. We provide novel evidence for symbolic encoding of informational variables by demonstrating that sensitivity to time and number in learning is dissociable. Whereas responding in normal mice was dependent on reinforcement rate, responding in mice that lacked the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit was insensitive to reinforcement rate and, instead, dependent on the number of times a cue had been paired with reinforcement. This suggests that GluA1 is necessary for weighting numeric information by temporal information in order to calculate reinforcement rate. Sample sizes per genotype varied between seven and 23 across six experiments and consisted of both male and female mice. The results provide evidence for explicit encoding of variables by animals rather than implicit encoding via variations in associative strength.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.