ArticleBiological trace element research2021
Salivary Lead Levels among Workers in Different Industrial Areas in the West Bank of Palestine: a Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Biological trace element research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ascorbic Acid as a Dual Therapeutic and Preventive Agent against Lead and Cadmium Toxicity: Evidence from Controlled Quail Experiments.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Exploring saliva as a biofluid for biomonitoring of diet-related contaminants exposure: insights from a literature mining approach.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Review
- Impact of Fire Emissions and Tobacco Consumption on the Salivary Content of Metal(loid)s and PAHs: Exposure Levels and Assessment of Oral and Intestinal In Vitro Toxicity.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to inorganic lead: a comparison between salivary, blood and airborne lead levels.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Observational
- Aluminum Concentrations in Breast Milk Samples Obtained from Breastfeeding Women from a Resource-Limited Country: A Study of the Predicting Factors.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Breastmilk cadmium levels and estimated infant exposure: a multicenter study of associated factors in a resource-limited country.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Predictors of Breast Milk Zinc Levels Among Breastfeeding Women in Palestine: a Cross-Sectional Study.Biological trace element research · 2022Article
- Breast milk to blood lead ratios among women from the West Bank of Palestine: a cross-sectional study of associated factors.International breastfeeding journal · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Saliva is a biofluid that can easily be obtained and used for biomonitoring lead levels in occupationally and environmentally exposed individuals. The aims of this study were to determine salivary lead levels among workers in different industrial areas in the West Bank of Palestine and investigate the association between sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the workers and their salivary lead levels. Salivary samples were obtained from workers in different industrial areas in metal-free polyethylene tubes. The samples were analyzed for their lead contents using a pre-validated inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. A total of 97 salivary samples were analyzed. The median salivary lead level was 1.84 μg/dL an IQR of 5.04 μg/dL. Salivary lead levels were significantly higher in workers who were 40 years and older (p value = 0.031), had 3 children or more (p value = 0.048), worked in repair workshops (p value = 0.012), worked in industrial areas for 20 years or more (p value = 0.048), did not consume fruits on regular basis (p value = 0.031), and smoked for 30 years or more (p value = 0.013). Multiple linear regression showed that smoking of 30 years old or more was a significant (p value < 0.001) predictor of higher salivary lead levels. Salivary lead levels among workers from different industrial areas of the West Bank were comparable to those occupationally exposed to lead in more industrialized and urbanized areas of the world. Smoking was a predictor of higher salivary lead levels.
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