ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2021
Sex Differences in Co-occurring Conditions Among Autistic Children and Youth in Florida: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2012-2019).
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Experiences of females on the autism spectrum through the perspective of minority stress theory: a review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Sensory Adaptations to Improve Physiological and Behavioral Distress During Dental Visits in Autistic Children: A Randomized Crossover Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Antidepressant Prescribing Trends for Adults With and Without Autism in the United Kingdom From 1997 to 2023: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Clinical Profile of First-Time Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in School-Aged Youth.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in 5-year incidence and prevalence of physical illnesses following early childhood autism diagnosis.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Somatic, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Comorbidities in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms Have Alterations in Intestinal Neurotransmitter Pathways.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Co-occurring Mental, Neurodevelopmental and Neurological Conditions in Medicaid Beneficiaries With Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Initial diagnosis patterns of coexisting mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions in autistic children and youth: Evidence from a nationally representative sample in Canada.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Association Between Vitamins Related to Brain Development and Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- Sensory feeding problems, pica-related behaviors, and sleep habits among children with autism spectrum disorder in palestine: a parent-reported cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Sleep Disorders and Constipation in Autistic Children and Youth: Who Receives Standard of Care Drug Treatments?Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Sex-Differential Trajectories of Domain-Specific Associations Between Autistic Traits and Co-Occurring Emotional-Behavioral Concerns in Autistic Children.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Sleep and Physical Activity Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Clocks & sleep · 2024Article
- Sex differences in sleep deficits in mice with an autism-linked Shank3 mutation.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Association of maternal fish consumption and ω-3 supplement use during pregnancy with child autism-related outcomes: results from a cohort consortium analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Sleep and Autism: Current Research, Clinical Assessment, and Treatment Strategies.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2024Article
- Potential Mechanisms Underlying Suicidality in Autistic People with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Testing Hypotheses from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.Autism in adulthood · 2024Article
- Pediatricians' role in healthcare for Latino autistic children: Shared decision-making versus "You've got to do everything on your own".Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- Barriers to an Autistic Identity: How RRBs may Contribute to the Underdiagnosis of Females.Research in autism spectrum disorders · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Autistic children have a high prevalence of co-occurring mental health, developmental/behavioral, and medical conditions, but research on sex/gender differences has been mixed. We used Florida healthcare claims data to characterize sex differences (female/male) in co-occurring conditions among autistic children ages 1-21 (N = 83,500). After adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, urbanicity, and insurance, autistic girls had significantly higher odds of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, intellectual disability, developmental disorders, epilepsy, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and sleep disorders compared to autistic boys. Autistic girls had significantly lower odds of ADHD. The findings contribute to the growing body of research on the unique healthcare needs of autistic girls.
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Registered trials
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