ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2021
Finite Element Model of Ocular Adduction by Active Extraocular Muscle Contraction.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optic Disc and Retinal Strain Due to Vertical Duction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Finite Element Analysis of Extraocular Muscle and Adipose-Dominant Pathogenesis in Thyroid Eye Disease With Clinical Implications.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Degradable Suture-Free Scaffold to Induce Therapeutic Ridge Formation and to Control Eye Elongation: A Potential Treatment for Pathological Myopia.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Biomechanical Analysis and Clinical Study of Augmented Versus Conventional Endoscopic Orbital Decompression for Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Finite Element Model of the Effect of Optic Nerve Sheath Anisotropy on Ocular Loading During Horizontal Duction.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tensile properties of glaucomatous human sclera, optic nerve, and optic nerve sheath.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2024Article
- Shear viscoelastic properties of human orbital fat.Journal of biomechanics · 2024Article
- Postmortem Digital Image Correlation and Finite Element Modeling Demonstrate Posterior Scleral Deformations during Optic Nerve Adduction Tethering.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Demonstrates Pediatric Optic Disc and Peripapillary Strain During Horizontal Eye Rotation.Current eye research · 2024Article
- Ciliary muscles contraction leads to axial length extension--The possible initiating factor for myopia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Demonstrates Disc and Peripapillary Strain During Horizontal Eye Rotation in Adults.American journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Empirical Quantification of Optic Nerve Strain Due to Horizontal Duction.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Who bears the load? IOP-induced collagen fiber recruitment over the corneoscleral shell.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Linear viscoelasticity of human sclera and posterior ocular tissues during tensile creep.Journal of biomechanics · 2023Article
- Article
- Finite element modeling of effects of tissue property variation on human optic nerve tethering during adduction.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Computational Modeling of Ophthalmic Procedures: Computational Modeling of Ophthalmic Procedures.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: In order to clarify the role of the optic nerve (ON) as a load on ocular rotation, we developed a finite element model (FEM) of incremental adduction induced by active contractility of extraocular muscles (EOMs), with and without tethering by the ON. Methods: Three-dimensional (3-D) horizontal rectus EOM geometries were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging of five healthy adults, and measured constitutive tissue properties were used. Active and passive strain energies of EOMs were defined using ABAQUS (Dassault Systemes) software. All deformations were assumed to be caused by EOM twitch activation that rotated the eye about a fixed center. The medial rectus (MR) muscle was commanded to additionally contract starting from 26 degrees adducted position, and the lateral rectus (LR) to relax, further adducting the eye either with or without loading by the ON. Tridimensional heat maps were generated to represent the stress and strain distributions. Results: Tensions in the EOMs were physiologically plausible during incremental adduction. Force in the MR increased from 10 gm at 26 degrees adduction to approximately 28 gm at 32 degrees adduction. Under identical MR contraction, adduction with ON loading reached 32 degrees but 36 degrees without it. Maximum and minimum principal strains within the MR were 16% and 22%, respectively, but when ON loading was included, resulting stress and strain were concentrated at the optic disc. Conclusions: This physiologically plausible method of simulating EOM activation can provide realistic input to model biomechanical behavior of active and passive tissues in the orbit to clarify biomechanical consequences of ON traction during adduction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.