ArticleJMIR perioperative medicine2019
Comparing the Relaxing Effects of Different Virtual Reality Environments in the Intensive Care Unit: Observational Study.
Article in JMIR perioperative medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Physiological Responses to Virtual Reality-Based Stress Regulation and Relaxation Interventions: A Systematic Review.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of virtual reality stimulation on reducing the incidence of delirium among patients admitted to intensive care units: a systematic review study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- Discomfort improvement for critically ill patients using electronic relaxation devices: results of the cross-over randomized controlled trial E-CHOISIR (Electronic-CHOIce of a System for Intensive care Relaxation).Critical care (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Psychological and Physiological Responses in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Use of Acute Exercise and Virtual Reality Environment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Exploring virtual reality for stress and anxiety management in intensive care settings: perspectives from intensive care professionals.Internal medicine journal · 2026Article
- Mapping the Evidence on Virtual Reality for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Systematic Review and a Five-Axis VR-PICS Taxonomy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Could Immersive Virtual Reality Facilitate the Recovery of Survivors of Critical Illness? A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immersive Virtual Reality Use in Medical Intensive Care: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.JMIR serious games · 2024Article
- Noninvasive monitoring technologies to identify discomfort and distressing symptoms in persons with limited communication at the end of life: a scoping review.BMC palliative care · 2024Article
- Immersive interfaces for clinical applications: current status and future perspective.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2024Review
- The Immediate Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Autonomic Nervous System Function in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Creating Custom Immersive 360-Degree Videos for Use in Clinical and Nonclinical Settings: Tutorial.JMIR medical education · 2023Article
- Virtual and augmented reality in intensive care medicine: a systematic review.Annals of intensive care · 2023Review
- Effects of immersive virtual reality on sensory overload in a random sample of critically ill patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Virtual and augmented reality in critical care medicine: the patient's, clinician's, and researcher's perspective.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Review
- Investigating the role of auditory and visual sensory inputs for inducing relaxation during virtual reality stimulation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Cinematic virtual reality for anxiety management in mechanically ventilated patients: a feasibility and pilot study.Acute and critical care · 2022Article
- Overview and Strategy Analysis of Technology-Based Nonpharmacological Interventions for In-Hospital Delirium Prevention and Reduction: Systematic Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
- Article
- Immersive 3D Virtual Reality Cancellation Task for Visual Neglect Assessment: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAfter a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, approximately 50%-75% of all critically ill patients suffer from neurocognitive late effects and a reduction of health-related quality of life. It is assumed that the noisy and stressful ICU environment leads to sensory overload and deprivation and potentially to long-term cognitive impairment.
objectiveIn this study, we investigated three different virtual reality environments and their potentially restorative and relaxing effects for reducing sensory overload and deprivation in the ICU.
methodsA total of 45 healthy subjects were exposed to three different environments, each 10 minutes in length (dynamic, virtual, natural, and urban environments presented inside the head-mounted display, and a neutral video on an ICU TV screen). During the study, data was collected by validated questionnaires (ie, restoration and sickness) and sensors to record physiological parameters (240 hertz).
resultsThe results showed that the natural environment had the highest positive and restorative effect on the physiological and psychological state of healthy subjects, followed by the urban environment and the ICU TV screen.
conclusionsOverall, virtual reality stimulation with head-mounted display using a dynamic, virtual and natural environment has the potential, if directly used in the ICU, to reduce sensory overload and deprivation in critically ill patients and thus to prevent neurocognitive late effects.
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