ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2021
You Didn't Drink During Pregnancy, Did You?
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of alcohol strength on attitudes and decisions concerning special occasion drinking during pregnancy.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Does a Biochemical Approach Facilitate the Diagnosis of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Neonatal Period?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Maternal and paternal risk factors associated with diagnoses within the continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in the USA: Proximal and distal influences.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Increases Toll-like Receptor Activity in Umbilical Cord Blood at Birth: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Independent and Combined Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Prenatal Stress on Fetal HPA Axis Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Potentially modifiable risk and protective factors affecting mental and emotional wellness in pregnancy.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Impact of low-level prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal stress on autonomic regulation.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Multifaceted case management during pregnancy is associated with better child outcomes and less fetal alcohol syndrome.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Using network analysis to illuminate the intergenerational transmission of adversity.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccurate characterization of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is challenging due to inconsistent use of screening questionnaires in routine prenatal care and substantial underreporting due to stigma associated with alcohol use in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to identify self-report tools that are efficient in accurately characterizing PAE.
methodsParticipants meeting eligibility criteria for mild-to-moderate PAE were recruited into the University of New Mexico Ethanol, Neurodevelopment, Infant and Child Health cohort (N = 121) and followed prospectively. Timeline follow-back (TLFB) interviews were administered at baseline to capture alcohol use in the periconceptional period and 30 days before enrollment; reported quantity was converted to oz absolute alcohol (AA), multiplied by frequency of use and averaged across 2 TLBF calendars. The interview also included questions about timing and number of drinks at the most recent drinking episode, maximum number of drinks in a 24-hour period since the last menstrual period, and number of drinks on "special occasions" (irrespective of whether these occurred within the TLFB reported period). Continuous measures of alcohol use were analyzed to yield the number of binge episodes by participants who consumed ≥4 drinks/occasion. The proportion of women with ≥1 binge episode was also tabulated for each type of assessment.
resultsAverage alcohol consumption was 0.6 ± 1.3 oz of AA/day (≈ 8.4 drinks/wk). Only 3.3% of participants reported ≥1 binge episode on the TLFB, 19.8% had ≥1 binge episode when asked about "special occasions," and 52.1% when asked about the number of drinks the last time they drank alcohol. An even higher prevalence (89.3%) of bingeing was obtained based on the maximum number of drinks consumed in a 24-hour period.
conclusionsSelf-reported quantity of alcohol use varies greatly based on type of questions asked. Brief targeted questions about maximum number of drinks in 24 hours and total number of drinks during the most recent drinking episode provide much higher estimates of alcohol use and thus might be less affected by self-reporting bias.
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