ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2021
Proton pump inhibitors and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A cohort study.
Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of concomitant proton pump inhibitors in patients treated for advanced or metastatic NSCLC: a target trial emulation protocol.ESMO real world data and digital oncology · 2026Article
- Perioperative Proton Pump Inhibitors Versus H2-Receptor Antagonists and 1-Year Complications After Distal Radius ORIF: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Journal of hand surgery global online · 2026Article
- Methods for incorporating test result information within the high-dimensional propensity score framework: application in UK electronic health record data.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- QTc interval prolongation in ICU patients: risk assessment and predictors.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Applying High-Dimensional Propensity Scores in a Study of Inhaled Corticosteroids and COVID-19 Outcomes.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Risk of Ischaemic Stroke Varies With Antithrombotic Drugs Use in Proton Pump Inhibitor Users: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Worsening Kidney Function: A Retrospective Cohort Study Including 122,606 Acid-Suppressing Users.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Hyponatremia Associated with the Use of Common Antidepressants in the All of Us Research Program.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Observational
- Proton pump inhibitors and all-cause mortality risk among cancer patients.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Risk Stratification of QTc Prolongations in Hospitalized Cardiology and Gastroenterology Patients Using the Tisdale Score-A Retrospective Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Proton pump inhibitors are detrimental to overall survival of patients with glioblastoma: Results from a nationwide real-world evidence database.Neuro-oncology practice · 2024Article
- Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor-Acid Suppressive Treatment Can Cause Vitamin BInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors, Kidney Damage, and Mortality: An Updated Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Review
- Maintenance Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Associated with Increased All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Sweden.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Re-thinking the possible interaction between proton pump inhibitors and capecitabine.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2022Review
- Possible Association between the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and HPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: History, Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Directions.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Review
- A Prescribing Cascade of Proton Pump Inhibitors Following Anticholinergic Medications in Older Adults With Dementia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Proton pump inhibitors and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A cohort study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo investigate the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
methodsWe conducted a cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database. We compared 733 885 new users of PPIs to 124 410 new users of H2 receptor antagonists (H2Ras). In a secondary analysis we compared 689 602 PPI new users to 1 361 245 nonusers of acid suppression therapy matched on age, sex and calendar year. Hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were estimated using propensity score (PS) weighted Cox models.
resultsPPI prescription was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, with hazard ratios decreasing considerably by increasing adjustment (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-1.69; PS-weighted HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.33-1.44; high-dimensional PS-weighted HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.26-1.37). Short-term associations were observed with mortality from causes where a causal short-term association is unexpected (eg, lung cancer mortality: PS-weighted HR at 6 months 1.77, 95% CI 1.39-2.25). Adjusted hazard ratios were substantially higher when compared to nonusers (PS-weighted HR all-cause mortality 1.96, 95% CI 1.94-1.99) rather than H2RA users.
conclusionsPPI prescription was strongly associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. However, the change in hazard ratios (a) by increasing adjustment and (b) between comparator groups indicates that residual confounding is likely to explain the association between poor health outcomes and PPI use, and fully accounting for this using observational data may not be possible.
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