Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33392252›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in molecular biosciences2020

Virucidal Action Mechanism of Alcohol and Divalent Cations Against Human Adenovirus.

Natalia Martín-González, Leonam Vieira Gonçalves, Gabriela N Condezo, Carmen San Martín, María Rubiano, Ian Fallis, Joseph R Rubino, M Khalid Ijaz, Jean-Yves Maillard, Pedro J De Pablo

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. When Disinfection Fails: Biocide Tolerance as a Driver ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Respiratory virus circulation during pandemic: Why were some viruses still circulating?Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Natalia Martín-GonzálezDepartment of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Leonam Vieira GonçalvesSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Gabriela N CondezoDepartment of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
Carmen San MartínDepartment of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
María RubianoSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Ian FallisSchool of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Joseph R RubinoCenter of Innovation, Reckitt Benckiser Inc., Montvale, NJ, United States.
M Khalid IjazCenter of Innovation, Reckitt Benckiser Inc., Montvale, NJ, United States.
Jean-Yves MaillardSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Pedro J De PabloDepartment of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Cardiff University · GBConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · ESReckitt Benckiser (United States) · USUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hygiene and disinfection practices play an important role at preventing spread of viral infections in household, industrial and clinical settings. Although formulations based on >70% ethanol are virucidal, there is a currently a need to reformulate products with much lower alcohol concentrations. It has been reported that zinc can increase the virucidal activity of alcohols, although the reasons for such potentiation is unclear. One approach in developing virucidal formulations is to understand the mechanisms of action of active ingredients and formulation excipients. Here, we investigated the virucidal activity of alcohol (40% w/v) and zinc sulfate (0.1% w/v) combinations and their impact on a human adenovirus (HAdV) using, nucleic acid integrity assays, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We observed no difference in virucidal activity (5 log

Indexed as

adenovirusAFMbiocidesvirus damagevirus mechanics

Identifiers

PMID33392252
PMCPMC7773831
OpenAlexW3111479606

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.